Plasma atherogenic indices are independent predictors of slow coronary flow

Background Although the pathophysiology of coronary slow flow (CSF) has not been fully elucidated, emerging data increasingly support potential role for subclinical diffuse atherosclerosis in the etiology of CSF. We aimed to investigate relationship between atherogenic indices and CSF. Methods 130 patients with CSF diagnosed according to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-frame count (TFC) method and 130 controls who had normal coronary flow (NCF) were included in this retrospective study. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], Castelli risk indices I and II [CRI-I and II]) were calculated using conventional lipid parameters. Results The logistic regression analyses demonstrated that AIP (OR, 5.463; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.357–21.991; p = 0.017) and CRI-II (OR, 1.624; 95% CI, 1.138–2.319; p = 0.008) were independent predictors of CSF. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value to predict the occurrence of CSF was 0.66 for AIP (sensitivity, 59%; specificity, 73%; area under curve [AUC], 0.695; p < 0.001) and 3.27 for CRI-II (sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 79%; AUC, 0.726; p < 0.001). Conclusions AIP and CRI-II levels were independent predictors of CSF. Prospective studies in larger cohorts of patients may elucidate the role of atherogenic dyslipidemia in the pathophysiology of CSF.

Changes in Liver, Kidney and Atherogenic Indices of Women in Ebocha, Niger-Delta, Nigeria due to Gas Flaring

Gas flaring causes pollution to the environment and also affects the human organs such as the liver and kidneys. The present study seeks to investigate changes in liver, kidney function and atherogenic predictor indices of native women of Ebocha, Niger Delta, Nigeria who have over the years been chronically exposed to the persistent gas flaring in the area. Two hundred (200) healthy and freely consented women aged between 30 to 50 years were recruited; one hundred (100) from Ebocha and one hundred (100) from Uturu the control station. Results revealed that the values of serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentrations of albumin and total protein were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Ebocha women when compared to values of women from Uturu. The pollution caused as a result of gas flaring did not affect the concentrations of bilirubin in women from both sites. However, serum creatinine, urea, K+, Na+, Cl- and HCO3-concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Ebocha women when compared to values for women from the control station. Ebocha women had significantly (p<0.05) reduced concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol but significantly (p<0.05) increased LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic predictor indices in comparison with those from Uturu indicating that chronic gas flaring has negative effects on the liver, renal function, lipid profile and atherogenic predictor indices of women resident in Ebocha. Liver, kidney, atherogenic indices, gas flaring, women, Niger Delta.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of the Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus Ostreatus on Serum Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices of HS-HFD-STZ Induced Diabetic Rats

The effect of ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus on serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices of high sucrose high fat diet streptozotocin (HS-HFD-STZ) induced diabetic rats was determined by standard methods. All the groups were fed high sucrose-high fat diet except the normal group. The Metformin HCl and ethanol extract was given once daily by gavage to the reference and experimental groups respectively at doses of 150mg/Kg b.w., 50mg/Kg b.w, 150mg/Kg b.w. and 300mg/Kg b.w. respectively while the normal control received saline solution. The HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the value of the disease group after 6 weeks of administration of extract at 300mg/kg and after 9 weeks administration of extract at 150mg/kg. HDL cholesterol concentration increased by 22.2% after 6 weeks of extract administration at 300mg/kg and by 16.7% and 28.3% respectively after 9 weeks of extract administration at 150mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively, indicating that the POE extract has the capacity to reduce cardiovascular diseases. At all the doses of extract administered for treatment at 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 9 weeks intervals, there was dose and time dependent lowering of LDL: HDL ratio even below the recommended risk limit of ≤ 2.5 compared to the test control with value above 2.5. After 3 weeks of treatment with extract at administration concentration level of 150mg/kg, atherogenic indices were lowered and extract levels of 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg reduced atherogenic index value after 6 weeks of administration while after 9 weeks of treatment, extract at 150mg/kg concentration reduced atherogenic indices. The atherogenic indices of the diabetic animals under treatment were dose-and time dependently reduced by POE treatment as observed in this study.These results suggest a possible use of the extracts in the management of hyperlipidemic conditions, hypertension and associated complications.

Interaction between dietary total antioxidant capacity and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on lipid profiles and atherogenic indices among diabetic patients

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the “neurotrophin” family of growth factors, and it has recently been associated to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We anticipated that BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms may alter CVD risk markers such as serum lipid profile differences, and interaction with total antioxidant capacity of diet (DTAC) could alter these clinical parameters. This cross-sectional study consisted of 667 diabetic patients (39.7% male and 60.3% female). DTAC was calculated by international databases. Biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α). interleukin 18 (IL18), leptin and ghrelin were measured by standard protocol. Atherogenic indices (AIP, AC, CR-I, CR-II) were calculated. Genotyping of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms was conducted by the real-time PCR–RFLP method. The gene-diet interactions were evaluated using a generalized linear mode (GLMs). Carriers of the Val/Met genotype who were in the higher median intake of FRAP had lower HDL (P:0.04) and higher TG (P:0.005), AIP (P:0.02) and AC (P:0.02) index compared to Val/Val genotypes with lower median intake. Moreover, diabetic patients with Val/Met genotype who consumed higher ORAC intake had increased odds for anthropometric indices (BMI (P:0.01) and WC (P:0.03)), lipid profiles (TG) (P:0.01), and atherogenic index (AIP) (P:0.02), also decreased odds for HDL (P:0.03) concentration compared to reference group whit lower ORAC intake. Individuals with Val/Met genotype who consumed higher TRAP intake had increased odds for WC (P:0.04), TC (P:0.001), TG (P < 0.001), AIP (P < 0.001) and AC (P < 0.001). Finally, Val/Met patients with a higher median intake of TEAC had higher TG (P:0.02), AIP (P:0.009) and AC (P:0.03) compared to the reference group whit lower TEAC intake. Our study showed that Val/Met genotype had also the highest lipid profile and atherogenic indices even in the highest adherence to DTAC. While it seems that the presence of the Val/Val wild-type and BDNF Met/Met homozygotes in diabetic patients with a high DTAC is a protective factor.

Plasma Atherogenic Indexes Are Independent Predictors of Slow Coronary Flow

Background Although the pathophysiology of coronary slow flow (CSF) has not been fully elucidated, emerging data increasingly support potential role for subclinical diffuse atherosclerosis in the etiology of CSF. We aimed to investigate relationship between atherogenic indices and CSF. Methods 130 patients with CSF diagnosed according to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-frame count (TFC) method and 130 controls who had normal coronary flow (NCF) were included in this retrospective study. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], Castelli risk indices I and II [CRI-I and II]) were calculated using conventional lipid parameters Results The logistic regression analyses demonstrated that AIP (OR, 5.463; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.357–21.991; p = 0.017) and CRI-II (OR, 1.624; 95% CI, 1.138–2.319; p = 0.008) were independent predictors of CSF. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value to predict the occurrence of CSF was 0.66 for AIP (sensitivity, 59%; specificity, 73%; area under curve [AUC], 0.695; p < 0.001) and 3.27 for CRI-II (sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 79%; AUC, 0.726; p < 0.001). Conclusions AIP and CRI-II levels were independent predictors of CSF, suggesting that atherogenic dyslipidemia may contribute to the pathophysiology of CSF.

Changing Trends of Obesity and Lipid Profiles Among Bangkok School Children After Comprehensive Management of the Bright and Healthy Thai Kid Project.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s leading cause of death. Children in Thailand are currently facing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and high atherogenic indices. This study aimed to assess the success of the Bright and Healthy Thai Kid project in reducing obesity and high lipid profiles among Bangkok school children.Methods: A cross-sectional study in five randomly selected Bangkok primary schools was conducted. A participatory action involving teachers, students, and parents was initiated. Data collection on anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, and fasting blood samples of three generations of students was carried out during July-August (midterm months in Thailand) in the years 2004, 2017, and 2019. SPSS for Windows, version 16 was used for data analysis.Results: Comparing the data from 2004, 2017, and 2019, obesity rates of 19.3 in 2004 gradually declined to 16.9 and 15.6 in 2017 and 2019 (P< 0.001). High serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and atherogenic indices decreased significantly (p < 0.001).Conclusions: We believe that the great time and effort expended for a campaign to reduce rates of obesity and hyperlipidemia in school children does work to prevent future cardiovascular diseases. Long-term investment in national programs is required to achieve whole societal involvement in improving knowledge and skills related to health, nutrition, and healthy food choices.

Cardioprotective Effects of Insect Apis Melifera Based Complementary Foods Using an In-Vivo White Albino (BALB/c) Mice

Background- Cardiovascular disease is the cause of one-third of deaths worldwide and this status is likely to progress because of increasing CVD's risk factors like intake of cholesterol and saturated fat. There is no clear evidence that a poor diet in childhood is associated with CVD risk factor development and adverse vascular health in adulthood. Hence, it is important to look at the effects of complementary foods. Therefore, this study assessed the cardioprotective effects of insect bee larvae (Apis Melifera) based complementary foods in young white albino miceMethods- The experiment was conducted using a randomized control design. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. A total of Seventy-five male white Albino mice were randomly assigned to five diets in triplicate. The diets were Diet 1= Casein diet; Diet 2= (57% Maize, 29% Teff, 14% Soybean); Diet 3= (58% Maize, 29% Teff, 13% Bee larvae); Diet 4=Commercial wean mix; and Diet 5= Basal diet alone. The study was conducted for 28 days with seven days of acclimatization. Diet and water were given ad libitum. The mice blood sample was collected from a cardiac puncture. Lipid profiles of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C evaluations were analyzed using automated pentra C400 made in France. Results- The results showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) of lipid profiles between treatments. Biochemical (mg/dl) parameters showed Diet 3 were recorded high TG (167.79) and HDL-C (67.18) and low in LDL-C (71.73). Atherogenic indices of Diet 3 were low in CRI-I (1.84), CRI-II (1.07), and AC (0.84). LDL-C levels were positively correlated with all atherogenic indices, while HDL-C levels were negatively correlated. Atherogenicity indices showed significant positive associations (P<0.001) with one another; CRI-I vs CRI-II (r=0.919), CRI-I vs AC (r=1), CRI-II vs AC (r= 0.919). Nevertheless, AIP was positively correlated with CRI-I, CRI-II, and AC, however, this was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions- Intake of insect bee larvae-based diet could have the potential to protect from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in infants and young children. However, further studies on the adverse effects of the developed complementary foods on clinical and histopathological trials should be conducted.

Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and monocyte/HDL cholesterol ratio are related with subclinical hypothyroidism in polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives There is an association between serum thyrotropin (TSH) and lipid profile. However, there is a little information regarding the relation between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), atherogenic indices and inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SCH on lipids and inflammatory markers in newly diagnosed PCOS patients. Methods Two groups were performed for total 99 PCOS patients: SCH (TSH>2.5 mIU/L) and euthyroid groups (TSH<2.5 mIU/L). Complete blood count, lipids, atherogenic indices were evaluated, inflammatory markers as platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and mean platelet volume/platelet ratio (MPR) were calculated. Results SCH group had higher WBC, PLT, PCT, PLR, MPR and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Differences between MHR, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL), triglycerides/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL) and low density lipoprotein/HDL cholesterol (LDL/HDL) levels were significantly higher (p=0.001; 0.01; 0.01; 0.02, respectively), TC/HDL cholesterol levels were positively correlated with TSH (p=0.028, r=0.402) in SCH group. TC/HDL levels were also correlated with WBC, PLT, PDW, PCT, MPR and MHR (p=0.003; 0.011; 0.031; 0.037; 0.006; 0.002; r=0.515; 0.442; −0.382; 0.370; −0.471; 0.523, repectively). Conclusions TC/HDL and MHR may serve as beneficial markers for evaluating the inflammatory state of PCOS with SCH. Screening thyroid hormones and curing SCH in PCOS may lower lipids, decelerate developing hypothyroidism and cardiovascular morbidities.