scholarly journals Use of alternative test methods in a tiered testing approach to address photoirritation potential of fragrance materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 105098
Author(s):  
Gretchen Ritacco ◽  
Allison Hilberer ◽  
Maura Lavelle ◽  
Anne Marie Api
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Fragrance Materials

scholarly journals Roadmap for the development of alternative test methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 3597-3598
Author(s):  
Tim Brecklinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Alternative Test

Quality Assurance for In Vitro Alternative Test Methods: Quality Control Issues in Test Kit Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Rispin ◽  
John W. Harbell ◽  
Mitchell Klausner ◽  
Foster T. Jordan ◽  
Sandra Coecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Alternative Test

scholarly journals Skin Sensitization Potential and Cellular ROS-Induced Cytotoxicity of Silica Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong Han Lee ◽  
SeoYoon Choi ◽  
Jun-Young Yang ◽  
Kikyung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Silica Nanomaterials ◽  
High Protein Binding ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Alternative Test

Nowadays, various industries using nanomaterials are growing rapidly, and in particular, as the commercialization and use of nanomaterials increase in the cosmetic field, the possibility of exposure of nanomaterials to the skin of product producers and consumers is increasing. Due to the unique properties of nanomaterials with a very small size, they can act as hapten and induce immune responses and skin sensitization, so accurate identification of toxicity is required. Therefore, we selected silica nanomaterials used in various fields such as cosmetics and biomaterials and evaluated the skin sensitization potential step-by-step according to in-vitro and in-vivo alternative test methods. KeratinoSensTM cells of modified keratinocyte and THP-1 cells mimicking dendritic-cells were treated with silica nanoparticles, and their potential for skin sensitization and cytotoxicity were evaluated, respectively. We also confirmed the sensitizing ability of silica nanoparticles in the auricle-lymph nodes of BALB/C mice by in-vivo analysis. As a result, silica nanoparticles showed high protein binding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cytotoxicity, but no significant observation of skin sensitization indicators was observed. Although more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of skin sensitization by nanomaterials, the results of this study showed that silica nanoparticles did not induce skin sensitization.

scholarly journals What are the Alternatives of PG Plus Tests for Modified Asphalt Binders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
MM Tariq Morshed ◽  
Mohammad Nazmul Hassan ◽  
Zahid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Empirical Performance ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Departments Of Transportation

For characterizing the polymer modified binders, different state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) use different time consuming and empirical Performance Grade (PG) Plus test methods. Furthermore, the PG Plus tests are silent when asphalt binders are modified with chemicals such as polyphosphoric acid (PPA). But, the effects of the polymer are not accurately identified through these conventional tests such as Elastic Recovery (ER) and tenacity. The main goal of this study is to recommend alternative test method(s), which can possibly be pursued by using, a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Thus, Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR), ER-DSR, Frequency Sweep, and Binder Yield Energy Test (BYET) are being explored to find their effectiveness. Three PG binders (PG 64-22, PG 70-22 and PG 76-22) have been selected for this investigation. These binders have been prepared with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer, PPA, or a combination of both. Further, chemical tests such as SARA (Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltene) analysis and FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy) are also being explored to fulfill the objectives. Preliminary findings suggest that the PG Plus tests deem to be obsolete. Also, a single test procedure is not sufficient to identify the presence and effectiveness of modifiers in the PG binders.

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