Nitric oxide activates a potassium current in olfactory receptor neurons from Caudiverbera caudiverbera and Xenopus laevis

1999 ◽  
Vol 837 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Schmachtenberg ◽  
Juan Bacigalupo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Potassium Current ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Receptor Neurons

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity in olfactory epithelium throughout the life cycle of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong N Hua ◽  
Aliya U Zaidi ◽  
Barbara S Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Oxide Synthase

This study is the first to show that neuronal nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity is located in the olfactory epithelium at all developmental stages of a vertebrate. Western immunoblotting of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) olfactory mucosa with a monoclonal antibody against the NADPH-binding epitope of neuronal nitric oxide synthase showed that the molecular mass of this protein was 200 kDa. In the larval stage, neuronal nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity was strongest in the basal region of the olfactory epithelium, the site of proliferating olfactory receptor neurons. This staining gradually diminished as the life cycle progressed. In the juvenile stage, the intensity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity was striking in the wide cell bodies and dendrites on olfactory receptor neurons. These results confirm previous evidence that nitric oxide modulates development in the olfactory epithelium.

scholarly journals Classes and Narrowing Selectivity of Olfactory Receptor Neurons of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles

2004 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Manzini ◽  
Detlev Schild
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Response Profiles

In olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of aquatic animals amino acids have been shown to be potent stimuli. Here we report on calcium imaging experiments in slices of the olfactory mucosa of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We were able to determine the response profiles of 283 ORNs to 19 amino acids, where one profile comprises the responses of one ORN to 19 amino acids. 204 out of the 283 response profiles differed from each other. 36 response spectra occurred more than once, i.e., there were 36 classes of ORNs identically responding to the 19 amino acids. The number of ORNs that formed a class ranged from 2 to 13. Shape and duration of amino acid-elicited [Ca2+]i transients showed a high degree of similarity upon repeated stimulation with the same amino acid. Different amino acids, however, in some cases led to clearly distinguishable calcium responses in individual ORNs. Furthermore, ORNs clearly appeared to gain selectivity over time, i.e., ORNs of later developmental stages responded to less amino acids than ORNs of earlier stages. We discuss the narrowing of ORN selectivity over stages in the context of expression of olfactory receptors.

Nitric oxide mediates the formation of synaptic connections in developing and regenerating olfactory receptor neurons

Neuron ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jane Roskams ◽  
David S. Bredt ◽  
Ted M. Dawson ◽  
Gabriele V. Ronnett
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Receptor Neurons

Inhibitory and excitatory responses of olfactory receptor neurons of xenopus laevis tadpoles to stimulation with amino acids

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vogler ◽  
D. Schild
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Patch Configuration ◽  
Excitatory Responses

Recordings were made from olfactory receptor neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles using the patch-clamp technique to investigate the responses of these cells to odorants. Four amino acids (glutamate, methionine, arginine and alanine) both individually and as a mixture were used as stimuli. Of the 156 olfactory neurons tested, 43 showed a response to at least one of the stimuli. Of the cells tested, 19 % responded to glutamate, 16 % to methionine, 12 % to arginine and 10 % to alanine. Each amino acid was able to induce both excitatory and inhibitory responses, although these occurred in different cells. Each amino acid produced approximately equal numbers of inhibitory and excitatory responses. Inhibitory responses could best be observed in the perforated-patch configuration using gramicidin as an ionophore and a recording configuration that is a current-clamp for fast signals and a voltage-clamp for slow signals. The diversity of the odorant responses, in particular the existence of excitatory and inhibitory responses, is not consistent with a single transduction pathway in olfactory neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

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