Persistent Retrograde Memory Deficit After Transient Global Amnesia

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of a massive episodic memory deficit that spares other cognitive functions. If the anterograde dimension is known to be impaired in TGA, researchers have yet to investigate prospective memory (PM)—which involves remembering to perform an intended action at some point in the future—in this syndrome. Furthermore, as executive functions are thought to be spared in this syndrome, TGA provides an opportunity to examine the impact of a massive “pure” memory impairment on PM. We assessed 38 patients with a newly designed protocol that distinguished between the prospective (remembering to do something at the appropriate time) and retrospective (remembering what has to be done) components of PM. Moreover, we investigated episodic memory with an anterograde memory task and assessed executive functions, anxiety and mood, as well as their links with PM. We demonstrated that PM is impaired during TGA, with a greater deficit for the retrospective component than for the prospective component. Furthermore, we highlighted a strong link between these two components. Anterograde episodic memory impairments were correlated with retrospective component deficits in TGA patients, although we were able to confirm that executive functions are globally spared. We discuss this pattern of results within the theoretical framework of PM, putting forward new arguments in favor of the idea that PM deficits can occur mainly because of a massive anterograde memory deficit. The clinical consequences of PM impairment in TGA are examined.

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Persistent Autobiographical Amnesia: A Case Report

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2007/534043 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. Repetto ◽

R. Manenti ◽

V. Sansone ◽

M. Cotelli ◽

D. Perani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri ◽

Motor Impairment ◽

Acute Onset ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Retrograde Memory ◽

Global Amnesia ◽

One Year ◽

The Right

We describe a 47-year-old man who referred to the Emergency Department for sudden global amnesia and left mild motor impairment in the setting of increased arterial blood pressure. The acute episode resolved within 24 hours. Despite general recovery and the apparent transitory nature of the event, a persistent selective impairment in recollecting events from some specific topics of his personal life became apparent. Complete neuropsychological tests one week after the acute onset and 2 months later demonstrated a clear retrograde memory deficit contrasting with the preservation of anterograde memory and learning abilities. One year later, the autobiographic memory deficit was unmodified, except for what had been re-learnt. Brain MRI was normal while H20 brain PET scans demonstrated hypometabolism in the right globus pallidus and putamen after 2 weeks from onset, which was no longer present one year later. The absence of a clear pathomechanism underlying focal amnesia lead us to consider this case as an example of functional retrograde amnesia.

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Transient global amnesia associated with migraine triggered by anxiety under the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A case report

MOJ Clinical & Medical Case Reports ◽

10.15406/mojcr.2020.10.00347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 74-76

Author(s):

Chunhui Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cranial Nerves ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Asian Woman ◽

Ca1 Neurons ◽

Retrograde Memory ◽

Global Amnesia

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome featured with the sudden onset of primarily short-term loss of anterograde as well as a milder decline of retrograde memory. The etiology is still unclear. Various risk factors relate with TGA and it is thought the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in the pathophysiological cascade. During the quarantine period of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a 53-year-old Asian woman with 30 years of migraine history presented the emergency department for the first time to evaluate a sudden onset confusion and forgetfulness with repetitive questioning during migraine attack. Neurologic examination showed preserved orientations for time and person and no abnormalities in motor, speech, sensory, coordination, or cranial nerves. No focal Neurologic finding. Her memory gradually improved and restored to normal baseline over the course of a 24-hour in-patient stay. However, are trograde memory gap still existed a month after the TGA attack. The pathogenesis of TGA is unknown and many risk factors are associated with it, but among them migraine is considered a major risk factor, particularly in female patients aged 40-60 years. The anxiety stressor is a significant trigger for TGA. The pathophysiology argues that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in TGA.

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Checkpoint inhibitor develops histological autoimmune pancreatitis like type 1 diabetes. A case report

MOJ Clinical & Medical Case Reports ◽

10.15406/mojcr.2020.10.00348 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 74-76

Author(s):

Carlo de riva

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cranial Nerves ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Asian Woman ◽

Ca1 Neurons ◽

Retrograde Memory ◽

Global Amnesia

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome featured with the sudden onset of primarily short-term loss of anterograde as well as a milder decline of retrograde memory. The etiology is still unclear. Various risk factors relate with TGA and it is thought the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in the pathophysiological cascade. During the quarantine period of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a 53-year-old Asian woman with 30 years of migraine history presented the emergency department for the first time to evaluate a sudden onset confusion and forgetfulness with repetitive questioning during migraine attack. Neurologic examination showed preserved orientations for time and person and no abnormalities in motor, speech, sensory, coordination, or cranial nerves. No focal Neurologic finding. Her memory gradually improved and restored to normal baseline over the course of a 24-hour in-patient stay. However, are trograde memory gap still existed a month after the TGA attack. The pathogenesis of TGA is unknown and many risk factors are associated with it, but among them migraine is considered a major risk factor, particularly in female patients aged 40-60 years. The anxiety stressor is a significant trigger for TGA. The pathophysiology argues that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in TGA.

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