The race-specific elicitor AVR9 of the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum : a cystine knot protein

FEBS Letters ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 404 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Vervoort ◽  
Henno W van den Hooven ◽  
Axel Berg ◽  
Paul Vossen ◽  
Ralph Vogelsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Cystine Knot ◽  
Cystine Knot Protein ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

High level expression of the Drosophila Toll receptor ectodomain and crystallization of its complex with the morphogen Spätzle

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Stelter ◽  
Uwe Fandrich ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Angelika Schierhorn ◽  
Constanze Breithaupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
High Level Expression ◽  
Receptor Ligand ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Cystine Knot ◽  
Toll Receptor ◽  
Cystine Knot Protein ◽  
High Yields ◽  
High Level ◽  
Affinity Interaction

Abstract Drosophila Toll receptors are involved in embryonic development and in the immune response of adult flies. In both processes, the Toll receptor ligand is the NGF-like cystine knot protein Spätzle. Here we present the expression of Toll receptor ectodomain in Schneider cells at high yields and demonstrate a high affinity interaction with the refolded and trypsin-processed Spätzle cystine knot domain dimer. Poorly and anisotropically diffracting crystals of the complex could be improved by deglycosylation and dehydration, paving the way for structural analyses of the Toll-Spätzle interaction.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolism and Biotrophic Lifestyle in the Tomato Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e85877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Collemare ◽  
Scott Griffiths ◽  
Yuichiro Iida ◽  
Mansoor Karimi Jashni ◽  
Evy Battaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

The in-planta induced ecp2 gene of the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is not essential for pathogenicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Marmeisse ◽  
Guido F. J. M. Van den Ackerveken ◽  
Theo Goosen ◽  
Pierre J. G. M. De Wit ◽  
Henk W. J. Van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

Structural basis of BMP signalling inhibition by the cystine knot protein Noggin

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 420 (6916) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Groppe ◽  
Jason Greenwald ◽  
Ezra Wiater ◽  
Joaquin Rodriguez-Leon ◽  
Aris N. Economides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Basis ◽  
Cystine Knot ◽  
Cystine Knot Protein ◽  
Bmp Signalling

Nitrogen limitation induces expression of the avirulence gene avr9 in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

1994 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. J. M. Van den Ackerveken ◽  
R. M. Dunn ◽  
A. J. Cozijnsen ◽  
J. P. M. J. Vossen ◽  
H. W. J. Van den Broek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

scholarly journals Selecting highly structure-specific antibodies using structured synthetic mimics of the cystine knot protein sclerostin

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Back ◽  
C. Frisch ◽  
K. Van Pee ◽  
V. Boschert ◽  
R. van Vught ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cystine Knot ◽  
Cystine Knot Protein

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of Septoria lycopersici Tomatinase in Cladosporium fulvum: Effects on Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Tomato Seedlings

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Melton ◽  
Lynda M. Flegg ◽  
James K. M. Brown ◽  
Richard P. Oliver ◽  
Michael J. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Septoria Lycopersici ◽  
Tomato Pathogen ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

The anti-fungal, steroidal, glycoalkaloid saponin, α-tomatine, is present in uninfected tomato plants in substantial concentrations, and may contribute to the protection of tomato plants against attack by phytopathogenic fungi. In general, successful fungal pathogens of tomato are more resistant to α-tomatine in vitro than fungi that do not infect this plant. For a number of tomato pathogens, this resistance has been associated with the ability to detoxify α-tomatine through the action of enzymes known as tomatinases. In contrast, the biotrophic tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is sensitive to α-tomatine and is unable to detoxify this saponin. This paper describes the effects of heterologous expression of the cDNA encoding tomatinase from the necrotroph Septoria lycopersici in two different physiological races of C. fulvum. Tomatinase-producing C. fulvum transformants showed increased sporulation on cotyledons of susceptible tomato lines. They also caused more extensive infection of seedlings of resistant tomato lines. Thus, α-tomatine may contribute to the ability of tomato to restrict the growth of C. fulvum in both compatible and incompatible interactions.

scholarly journals Additional Resistance Gene(s) Against Cladosporium fulvum Present on the Cf-9 Introgression Segment Are Associated with Strong PR Protein Accumulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Laugé ◽  
Alexander P. Dmitriev ◽  
Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten ◽  
Pierre J. G. M. De Wit
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Tomato Pathogen ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Introgression Segment ◽  
Weak Resistance

The existence of a gene or genes conferring weak resistance against the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum, in addition to the Cf-9 resistance gene, present on the Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Cf-9 segment introgressed into L. esculentum, was demonstrated with strains of C. fulvum lacking a functional Avr9 avirulence gene and tomato genotypes lacking a functional Cf-9 gene, respectively. Two mutant strains, obtained by disruption of Avr9 in race 4 and race 5 of C. fulvum, do not trigger the hypersensitive response-mediated resistance on MM-Cf9 genotypes that is normally induced after recognition of the AVR9 elicitor. However, when these strains are inoculated onto MM-Cf0 and MM-Cf9 genotypes, adult MM-Cf9 plants still show weak resistance. This resistance is not related to the Cf-9 gene, as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-generated Cf-9 mutants retained weak resistance. Growth of the fungus in the leaf mesophyll is strongly inhibited, whereas re-emergence of fungal mycelium and conidiation are poor. Strong accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins and early leaf chlorosis are associated with this phenotype of weak resistance. A search among natural strains lacking the Avr9 gene revealed that one strain is able to overcome this weak resistance. Possible mechanisms underlying this weak resistance are discussed. The presence of the additional weak resistance gene(s) could explain why the resistance of Cf9 genotypes has not been overcome so far in practice.

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