On the origin of the rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and prediction of future trends

One of the most notable changes in the Esophageal Cancer (EC) epidemiology is the rising incidence and prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in developed countries, likely due to lifestyle and/or environmental factors that may play an important role in EAC onset. The aim of this systematic review was to collect and summarize all the available evidence regarding lifestyle, diet and EAC risk. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases in January 2021 for studies providing information about lifestyle, diet, WCRF/AICR recommendations and EAC risk. A total of 106 publications met the inclusion criteria. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are associated with increased EAC risk. Physical activity does not appear to have a significant direct role in EAC risk. A diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and whole grains appeared to be more protective than a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, and processed meat. Alcohol does not seem to be related to EAC whereas smokers, particularly heavy smokers, have an increased risk of EAC. Primary prevention remains the best option to avert EAC. BMI and WC, along with low consumption of red and processed meat, high consumption of plant food, and the avoidance of smoking are pivotal for EAC prevention.

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S0418 Rising Incidence and Increased Mortality Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities Diagnosed With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.14309/01.ajg.0000703720.89275.67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. S208-S208

Author(s):

Hafiz Muhammad Sharjeel Arshad ◽

Ayesha Cheema ◽

Ayesha Arshad ◽

Supannee Rassameehiran ◽

Shreyans Doshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽

Rising Incidence

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Lifestyle, WCRF/AICR Recommendations, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3525

Author(s):

Daniele Nucci ◽

Alessio Marino ◽

Stefano Realdon ◽

Mariateresa Nardi ◽

Cristina Fatigoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

High Quality ◽

Direct Role ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Rising Incidence ◽

Ottawa Scale

One of the most notable changes in the epidemiology of esophageal cancer (EC) is the rising incidence and prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in developed countries. The aim of this systematic review was to collect and summarize all the available evidence regarding lifestyle, diet, and EAC risk. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases in January 2021 for studies providing information about lifestyle, diet, WCRF/AICR recommendations, and EAC risk; published in English; without a time filter. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. The results are stratified by risk factor. A total of 106 publications were included. Half of the case-control studies were judged as high quality, whilst practically all cohort studies were judged as high quality. Body mass index and waist circumference were associated with increased EAC risk. Physical activity did not appear to have a significant direct role in EAC risk. A diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and whole grains appeared to be more protective than a Western diet. Alcohol does not seem to be related to EAC, whereas smokers, particularly heavy smokers, have an increased risk of EAC. Prevention remains the best option to avert EAC. Comprehensible and easy to follow recommendations should be provided to all subjects. Protocol ID number: CRD-42021228762, no funds received.

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