Regulation of free cytosolic Ca2+ in the peptic and parietal cells of the rabbit gastric gland.

A histological study showed the wall of the stomach in Pica pica and Herpestes javanicus consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. Also, the present study showed many differences in the histological structures of the stomach for each in both types. The stomach of P. pica consists of two portions: the proventiculus and gizzard, while the stomach of H. javanicus consists of three portions: cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The mucosa layer formed short gastric folds, named plicae. In the proventiculus of P. pica, sulcus is found between each two plicae, but the folds called gastric pits in the gizzard, which are full with koilin. Lamina properia in both types contained gastric glands (straight simple tubular glands) named superficial glands, as well as another gastric gland found in the submucosa layer of the proventiculus in P. pica only named deep gastric glands. The gastric gland in the stomach of H. javanicus contained: mucous neck cells and parietal cells positive to AB/PAS stains in cardiac portion, as well as chief cells in fundic portion, but pyloric portion had just mucous neck cells. Muscularis externa in both types formed two muscle layers: inner and outer layer.

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Changes in Subcellular Structures of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Gland after Omeprazole.

Archives of Histology and Cytology ◽

10.1679/aohc.55.191 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 191-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masako FURUHASHI ◽

Akira NAKAHARA ◽

Hisayuki FUKUTOMI ◽

Eiki KOMINAMI ◽

Yasuo UCHIYAMA

Keyword(s):

Gastric Gland ◽

Parietal Cells

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Gastrin stimulation of isolated gastric glands

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1982.242.5.g504 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 242 (5) ◽

pp. G504-G512 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. S. Chew ◽

S. J. Hersey

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Histamine H2 Receptor ◽

Wide Range ◽

Isolated Cell ◽

Stimulation Of

The ability of gastrin to stimulate acid formation was studied in gastric glands and isolated parietal cells obtained from rabbit gastric mucosa. Accumulation of the weak base aminopyrine and increases in oxygen consumption were used as measures of acid secretory activity. The responses to gastrin were found to be very small (10-15% increase). However, inclusion of dithiothreitol (0.5 mM) in the incubation medium enhanced the responses in both glands and isolated cells to easily detectable levels. For the gastric gland preparation, gastrin stimulation was maximal at 1 X 10(-7) M, with an apparent ED50 of 5 nM. The response reached a maximum at about 30 min and was stable for at least an hour. The gastrin response was enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine and partially inhibited by cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Combinations of gastrin and histamine showed an additive response over a wide range of histamine concentrations. However, time-course studies revealed a transient potentiation of gastrin response by histamine, which reached a peak at 15 min and was reduced to an additive response by 30 min. Studies using isolated cell populations enriched in parietal cells (approximately 70%) revealed a gastrin stimulation that was not inhibited by cimetidine. The transient potentiation of the gastrin response by histamine was also found in the isolated cell preparation. Gastrin had no effect on cellular cAMP levels or adenylyl cyclase activity. The results are interpreted to indicate that gastrin stimulates acid secretion through three separate actions: 1) a direct stimulation of parietal cell activity, 2) a potentiating interaction with histamine, and 3) for more intact preparations, a release of histamine, which in turn acts as a paracrine stimulus. Quantitatively, the most important action appears to be the release of histamine. None of the actions of gastrin appear to involve a change in cAMP metabolism.

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Expression of intrinsic factor and pepsinogen in the rat stomach identifies a subset of parietal cells

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.1.g62 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 274 (1) ◽

pp. G62-G70 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J.-S. Shao ◽

W. Schepp ◽

D. H. Alpers

Keyword(s):

Gastric Gland ◽

Intrinsic Factor ◽

Cell Lineage ◽

Neck Region ◽

Chief Cell ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Rat Stomach ◽

Chief Cells ◽

Indirect Immunoperoxidase ◽

Lower Neck

Morphological and functional heterogeneity of parietal cells has been thought to be due to different maturation positions within the gastric gland. Morphodynamic studies have shown that 2% of parietal cells in mice derive from a pre-neck (chief) cell precursor. Intrinsic factor (IF) and pepsinogen, markers of rat chief cells, were used to determine if these proteins identified a subset of parietal cells that might reflect origin from the pre-neck cell lineage. The zymogenic region of the rat stomach and gradient-isolated fractions enriched in parietal and chief cells were fixed in 10% buffered Formalin or in Bouin’s solution. Immunostaining was performed using indirect immunoperoxidase histochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence with antibodies raised against human IF, pepsinogen II, and H+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (H+-K+-ATPase). In intact tissue, parietal (H+-K+-ATPase-positive) cells were found starting at the upper edge of the isthmus, but parietal cells positive for IF and pepsinogen were only found from just below the isthmus and neck region to the base of the gastric gland. Three to four percent of isolated parietal cells were positive for these ectopic markers. This subset of cells was also positive for H+-K+-ATPase. Thus products of rat chief cells are expressed in a subset of parietal cells. The percentage of positive cells is similar to that predicted to be derived from the pre-neck (chief) precursor lineage in the mouse. The distribution of these cells to the lower neck and base of the gland suggests that the expression of chief cell products is consistent with either predetermination by lineage or parietal cell maturation or with both processes.

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Membrane-cytoskeleton dynamics in rat parietal cells: mobilization of actin and spectrin upon stimulation of gastric acid secretion.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.108.2.441 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 441-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

F Mercier ◽

H Reggio ◽

G Devilliers ◽

D Bataille ◽

P Mangeat

Keyword(s):

Gastric Acid ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Electron Microscopic Level ◽

Apical Surface ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Double Labeling ◽

Acid Secreting

The gastric parietal (oxyntic) cell is presented as a model for studying the dynamic assembly of the skeletal infrastructure of cell membranes. A monoclonal antibody directed to a 95-kD antigen of acid-secreting membranes of rat parietal cells was characterized as a tracer of the membrane movement occurring under physiological stimuli. The membrane rearrangement was followed by immunocytochemistry both at the light and electron microscopic level on semithin and thin frozen sections from resting and stimulated rat gastric mucosa. Double labeling experiments demonstrated that a specific and massive mobilization of actin, and to a lesser extent of spectrin (fodrin), was involved in this process. In the resting state, actin and spectrin were mostly localized beneath the membranes of all cells of the gastric gland, whereas the bulk of acid-secreting membranes appeared diffusely distributed in the cytoplasmic space of parietal cells without any apparent connection with cytoskeletal proteins. In stimulated cells, both acid-secreting material and actin (or spectrin) extensively colocalized at the secretory apical surface of parietal cells, reflecting that acid-secreting membranes were now exposed at the lumen of the secretory canaliculus and that this insertion was stabilized by cortical proteins. The data are compatible with a model depicting the membrane movement occurring in parietal cells as an apically oriented insertion of activated secretory membranes from an intracellular storage pool. The observed redistribution of actin and spectrin argues for a direct control by gastric acid secretagogues of the dynamic equilibrium existing between nonassembled (or preassembled) and assembled forms of cytoskeletal proteins.

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Role of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter-1 in gastric secretion of nonacidic fluid and pepsinogen

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (3) ◽

pp. G550-G560 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Nichole McDaniel ◽

Amy J. Pace ◽

Stefanie Spiegel ◽

Regina Engelhardt ◽

Beverly H. Koller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Gastric Secretion ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Acid Output ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Electrical Current ◽

Fluid Secretion ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Pepsinogen Secretion ◽

Deficient Mice

Na-K-2Cl cotransporter-1 (NKCC) has been detected at exceptionally high levels in the gastric mucosa of several species, prompting speculation that it plays important roles in gastric secretion. To investigate this possibility, we 1) immunolocalized NKCC protein in the mouse gastric mucosa, 2) compared the volume and composition of gastric fluid from NKCC-deficient mice and their normal littermates, and 3) measured acid secretion and electrogenic ion transport by chambered mouse gastric mucosa. NKCC was localized to the basolateral margin of parietal cells, mucous neck cells, and antral base cells. In NKCC-deficient mice, gastric secretions of Na+, K+, Cl−, fluid, and pepsinogen were markedly impaired, whereas secretion of acid was normal. After stimulation with forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP, chambered corpus mucosa vigorously secreted acid, and this was accompanied by an increase in transmucosal electrical current. Inhibition of NKCC with bumetanide reduced current to resting levels but had no effect on acid output. Although prominent pathways for basolateral Cl− uptake (NKCC) and apical Cl− exit [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)] were found in antral base cells, no impairment in gastric secretion was detected in CFTR-deficient mice. Our results establish that NKCC contributes importantly to secretions of Na+, K+, Cl−, fluid, and pepsinogen by the gastric mucosa through a process that is electrogenic in character and independent of acid secretion. The probable source of the NKCC-dependent nonacidic electrogenic fluid secretion is the parietal cell. The observed dependence of pepsinogen secretion on NKCC supports the concept that a nonacidic secretory stream elaborated from parietal cells facilitates flushing of the proenzyme from the gastric gland lumen.

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Parietal cells express high levels of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter on migrating into the gastric gland neck

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.5.g1273 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (5) ◽

pp. G1273-G1278 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nichole McDaniel ◽

Christian Lytle

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Anion Exchanger ◽

Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Mucous Cells ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Anion Exchanger 2 ◽

Rat Gastric Mucosa

Na-K-2Cl cotransport and Cl/[Formula: see text] exchange are prominent mechanisms for Cl−uptake in Cl−-secreting epithelial cells. We used immunofluorescence microscopy to delineate the distributions of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and anion exchanger-2 (AE2) proteins in rat gastric mucosa (zymogenic zone). Parietal cells (PCs) above the neck of the gastric gland contained abundant AE2 but little or no NKCC1, whereas those in the neck and base contained high NKCC1 but diminished AE2. Lower levels of NKCC1 were detected in surface mucous cells and in cells comprising the blind ends of all glands. Pulse labeling of proliferating cells with bromodeoxyuridine indicated that new PCs originate in the isthmus with scant NKCC1; the subset of PCs that migrate downward expresses NKCC1 abruptly on entering the neck, within 7 days of cell division. Our results suggest that downwardly migrating PCs replace one mechanism for Cl−entry (Cl/[Formula: see text] exchange) with another (Na-K-2Cl cotransport).

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Kex2 family endoprotease furin is expressed specifically in pit-region parietal cells of the rat gastric mucosa

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.1.g183 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 277 (1) ◽

pp. G183-G190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hitoshi Kamimura ◽

Yoshitaka Konda ◽

Hiromi Yokota ◽

Sei-Ichi Takenoshita ◽

Yukio Nagamachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Promoter Activity ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Luciferase Assay ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Α ◽

Proliferative Zone ◽

Rat Gastric Mucosa

The proprotein-processing endoprotease furin is localized in the gastric epithelial cells of the pit region in the rat gastric gland. The gastric pit is composed of several cell types, including gastric surface mucosal (GSM) cells and parietal cells. Furin converts many growth- or differentiation-related proproteins to their active forms. We examined identification of furin-positive cells by immunostaining of rat gastric mucosa and regulators of the furin expression by measuring the furin promoter activity by luciferase assay. Furin-positive cells were stained for H+-K+-ATPase, indicating that they are parietal cells. Furin-positive parietal cells were not stained for transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) but were surrounded by TGF-α-positive GSM cells. In contrast, parietal cells below the proliferative zone were positive for TGF-α but not for furin. Furin-positive parietal cells expressed a high level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). TGF-α stimulated the furin promoter activity highly in a mouse GSM cell line GSM06. Thus we suggest that the parietal cells of the pit region have furin-mediated functions that can be stimulated by EGFR signaling.

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Sonic hedgehog is associated with H+-K+-ATPase-containing membranes in gastric parietal cells and secreted with histamine stimulation

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00389.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 295 (1) ◽

pp. G99-G111 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yana Zavros ◽

Melissa A. Orr ◽

Chang Xiao ◽

Danuta H. Malinowska

Keyword(s):

Sonic Hedgehog ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Gradient Centrifugation ◽

Basolateral Membrane ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Human Gastric Cancer ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Α Subunit ◽

Gastric Parietal Cells

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is found within gastric parietal cells and processed from a 45-kDa to a 19-kDa bioactive protein by an acid- and protease-dependent mechanism. To investigate whether Shh is associated with the parietal cell membrane compartment that becomes exposed to both acid and proteolytic enzymes during acid secretion, the cellular location of Shh within resting and stimulated gastric parietal cells was examined. Immunofluorescence microscopy of rabbit stomach sections showed that Shh colocalized predominantly with parietal and pit, not chief/zymogen or neck, cell markers. In resting and histamine-stimulated rabbit gastric glands Shh was expressed only in parietal cells close to H+-K+-ATPase-containing tubulovesicular and secretory membranes with some colocalizing with γ-actin at the basolateral membrane. Gastric gland microsomal membranes were prepared by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation and immunoisolation with an anti-H+-K+-ATPase-α subunit antibody. The 45- and 19-kDa Shh proteins were detected by immunoblot in immunopurified H+-K+-ATPase-containing membranes from resting and stimulated gastric glands, respectively. Incubating glands with a high KCl concentration removed Shh from the membranes. Histamine stimulated 19-kDa Shh secretion from gastric glands into the medium. In human gastric cancer 23132/87 cells cultured on permeable membranes, histamine increased 19-kDa Shh secretion into both apical and basolateral media. These findings show that Shh is a peripheral protein associated with resting and stimulated H+-K+-ATPase-expressing membranes. In addition, Shh appears to be expressed at or close to the basolateral membrane of parietal cells.

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Comparative Histological Study of the Stomach in Two Species of Iraqi Vertebrates (Magpie Pica pica L. and Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus E.)

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.16.2.0281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 0281

Author(s):

AL –Nakeeb Et al.

Keyword(s):

Outer Layer ◽

Histological Study ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Pica Pica ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Chief Cells ◽

Herpestes Javanicus ◽

Mucous Neck Cells ◽

Muscularis Externa

A histological study showed the wall of the stomach in Pica pica and Herpestes javanicus consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. Also, the present study showed many differences in the histological structures of the stomach for each in both types. The stomach of P. pica consists of two portions: the proventiculus and gizzard, while the stomach of H. javanicus consists of three portions: cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The mucosa layer formed short gastric folds, named plicae. In the proventiculus of P. pica, sulcus is found between each two plicae, but the folds called gastric pits in the gizzard, which are full with koilin. Lamina properia in both types contained gastric glands (straight simple tubular glands) named superficial glands, as well as another gastric gland found in the submucosa layer of the proventiculus in P. pica only named deep gastric glands. The gastric gland in the stomach of H. javanicus contained: mucous neck cells and parietal cells positive to AB/PAS stains in cardiac portion, as well as chief cells in fundic portion, but pyloric portion had just mucous neck cells. Muscularis externa in both types formed two muscle layers: inner and outer layer.

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