In vivo sucrase-isomaltase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase turnover in the fed adult rat

We have developed a novel technique to incorporate and stably express foreign genes in adult rat skeletal muscle in vivo. Endogeneous satellite cells in skeletal muscle regenerating from bupivacaine damage were infected with an injected retrovirus containing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene under the promoter control of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long-terminal repeat. Constitutive and stable expression of beta-galactosidase activity was observed in muscle fibers after 6 days and 1 mo of muscle regeneration. Two patterns of expression were observed, diffuse expression within fibers and focal expression associated with the sarcolemma. This technique will allow future experiments with muscle-specific genes and promoters to study the physiological regulation of skeletal muscle gene expression in the intact adult mammal. Furthermore, the technique of stimulating stem cell proliferation to allow retroviral-mediated gene transfer may be generally applicable to other tissues.

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Effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent FSH and testosterone treatment on inhibin production by adult rat testes

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1050001 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

C. L. Au ◽

D. M. Robertson ◽

D. M. de Kretser

Keyword(s):

Seminiferous Tubule ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Fluid Production ◽

Tubule Fluid

ABSTRACT The hormonal control of inhibin production by adult rat testes was investigated using an in-vitro inhibin bioassay validated for the measurement of inhibin activity in charcoal-treated rat testicular extracts. The effect of hypophysectomy examined at 16 h, 3, 7 and 42 days after surgery showed a decrease in testicular inhibin content and seminiferous tubule fluid production by 7 days and a decrease in inhibin production by 42 days. Serum FSH and LH were suppressed 3 days after surgery. In 30-day chronically hypophysectomized adult rats treated for 3 days with twice daily s.c. injections of (a) human FSH (hFSH, 22 i.u./rat per day), (b) testosterone (5 mg/rat per day), (c) hFSH + testosterone (same doses as a and b), or (d) human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG, 12 i.u./rat per day), hFSH or hFSH and testosterone stimulated an increase in testicular inhibin content but not in inhibin production or tubule fluid production. Testosterone and hCG had no effect on these parameters. It is concluded that in vivo, FSH alone stimulates an increase in testicular inhibin content. The failure to observe an increase in inhibin production in vivo is attributed to the suppression of seminiferous tubule fluid production under the same experimental conditions. J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 1–6

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Short-Term Plasticity at Inhibitory Synapses in Rat Striatum and Its Effects on Striatal Output

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.2088 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 2088-2099 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

John S. Fitzpatrick ◽

Garnik Akopian ◽

John P. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Action Potentials ◽

Brain Slices ◽

Current Injection ◽

Inhibitory Synapses ◽

Rat Striatum ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Plasticity ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Glutamate Receptor Antagonists

Two forms of short-term plasticity at inhibitory synapses were investigated in adult rat striatal brain slices using intracellular recordings. Intrastriatal stimulation in the presence of the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (20 μM) andd,l-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 μM) produced an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) that reversed polarity at −76 ± 1 (SE) mV and was sensitive to bicuculline (30 μM). The IPSP rectified at hyperpolarized membrane potentials due in part to activation of K+ channels. The IPSP exhibited two forms of short-term plasticity, paired-pulse depression (PPD) and synaptic augmentation. PPD lasted for several seconds and was greatest at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of several hundred milliseconds, reducing the IPSP to 80 ± 2% of its control amplitude at an ISI of 200 ms. Augmentation of the IPSP, elicited by a conditioning train of 15 stimuli applied at 20 Hz, was 119 ± 1% of control when sampled 2 s after the conditioning train. Augmentation decayed with a time constant of 10 s. We tested if PPD and augmentation modify the ability of the IPSP to prevent the generation of action potentials. A train of action potentials triggered by a depolarizing current injection of constant amplitude could be interrupted by stimulation of an IPSP. If this IPSP was the second in a pair of IPSPs, it was less effective in blocking spikes due to PPD. By contrast, augmented IPSPs were more effective in blocking spikes. The same results were achieved when action potentials were triggered by a depolarizing current injection of varying amplitude, a manipulation that produces nearly identical spike times from trial to trial and approximates the in vivo behavior of these neurons. These results demonstrate that short-term plasticity of inhibition can modify the output of the striatum and thus may be an important component of information processing during behaviors that involve the striatum.

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Adenoviral expression of TDP-43 and FUS genes in adult rat motoneurons in vivo

Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.2442 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. e197

Author(s):

Kazuhiko Watabe ◽

Keiko Akiyama ◽

Shizuka Takaku ◽

Emiko Kawakami

Keyword(s):

Adult Rat

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In Vivo Properties of In Vitro-Propagated Neural Stem Cells After Transplantation to the Neonatal and Adult Rat Brain

Stem Cells in the Nervous System: Functional and Clinical Implications - Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-18883-1_9 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 117-138

Author(s):

Ulrica Englund ◽

Anders Bjöklund

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Neural Stem Cells ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Adult Rat Brain

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Stimulation at 1-5 Hz does not produce long-term depression or depotentiation in the hippocampus of the adult rat in vivo

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1793 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 1793-1799 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

M. L. Errington ◽

T. V. Bliss ◽

G. Richter-Levin ◽

K. Yenk ◽

V. Doyere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Animal ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Long Term Depression ◽

Developmentally Regulated ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Area Ca1 ◽

Awake Rat

1. We examined the efficacy of low-frequency trains (1-5 Hz) in producing long-term depression (LTD) or depotentiation in the hippocampus of the awake adult rat and in anesthetized rats aged from 10 days to 3 mo. 2. In the dentate gyrus we found no evidence that low-frequency trains produce either depotentiation or LTD in the awake, adult animal or in the anesthetized animal at any age tested (10 days-adult). 3. In area CA1 of both awake and anesthetized adult rats, we also found no evidence that low-frequency trains induced either LTD or depotentiation. Only in area CA1 of very young rats (10-11 days) was clear evidence for LTD and depotentiation obtained; at this age experiments were only possible in anesthetized animals. By 16 days, the ability to display both LTD and depotentiation was lost. 4. These experiments suggest that repetitive low-frequency stimulation evokes a developmentally regulated form of activity-dependent depression that in the hippocampus is limited to specific pathways in the young animal. Our results leave open the question of whether alternative patterns of activity can induce LTD and/or depotentiation in the adult awake rat.

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