In spite of adequate means of therapy, streptococcal disease and its complications continue to present problems to the physician who cares for children. For accurate diagnosis and control of streptococcal disease inexpensive bacteriologic culture facilities are required and the physician must assure himself of the accuracy of the results. To prevent the sequelae of streptococcal occal pharyngitis, therapy sufficient to eradicate the offending organism is required. Optimum therapy of streptococcal infections is intramuscular benzathine penicillin; oral therapy with penicillin or erythromycin should be followed by a throat culture to ensure that the streptococcus has been erdicated.