Biologic Does Not Increase Risk of Infection in RA

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sharon Worcester
Keyword(s):  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Increase Risk

Abstract WP200: Post-operative Infection Does not Increase Risk of Post-operative Stroke: Analysis From a Nationwide Quality Initiative Program

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R Kummer ◽  
Rebecca Hazan ◽  
Hooman Kamel ◽  
Alexander E Merkler ◽  
Joshua Z Willey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Postoperative Stroke ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Initiative Program ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Infection has been described as a trigger for acute ischemic stroke, but the relationship between postoperative infection and the risk of postoperative stroke is unclear. We investigated the association between postoperative infection and stroke using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Initiative Program (NSQIP) database. Hypothesis: Postoperative infection is associated with an increased risk of postoperative stroke. Methods: We used the NSQIP database to identify all patients who underwent surgery between the years of 2000 and 2010 and developed a postoperative stroke within 30 days of surgery. The group was further stratified according to the presence of infection preceding stroke. Using a logistic regression model adjusted for age, race, sex, medical comorbidities, surgical type, and dichotomized functional status, we compared the risk of stroke in patients with and without preceding infections, and investigated the risk of infection following stroke. Results: 729,886 surgical patients were identified, of whom 2,703 (0.3%) developed postoperative stroke. 848 (0.12%) patients developed both postoperative stroke and infection. Among patients who had postoperative stroke, 100 (3.7%) had developed an infection prior to developing a stroke. Patients with infection prior to stroke had a lower risk of stroke than patients who did not develop infection prior to stroke (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.25, 95%CI 0.20-0.32). 748 patients (0.1%) developed an infection after having a postoperative stroke. These patients had a higher risk of infection (incidence rate ratio 2.76, 95%CI 2.57-2.97) and a higher odds of infection (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.47, 95%CI 3.18-3.78) than patients who did not have a stroke. Conclusions: We found that the presence of a preceding infection was associated with a low risk of postoperative stroke in a large surgical inpatient sample. Although the total number of strokes may have been under-reported, these results conflict with other studies that report that infection is a trigger for ischemic stroke. Further analyses using more granular data are needed to investigate the relationship between postoperative infection and the risk of postoperative stroke.

Restricted protein intake in acute liver failure neither reduces ammonia nor improves cerebral edema but may increase risk of infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. S27
Author(s):  
Harshita Tripathi ◽  
Jaya Benjamin ◽  
Puja Bhatia Kapoor ◽  
Rakhi Maiwall ◽  
Vandana Saluja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Increase Risk

Routine antiemetic prophylaxis with dexamethasone during COVID-19: Should oncologists reconsider?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Marinella
Keyword(s):  
Severe Illness ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Antiemetic Prophylaxis ◽  
Delayed Nausea ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) has caused unprecedented strain on the global healthcare system, causing thousands of deaths worldwide. Patients with underlying conditions such as cancer are at substantial risk of acquiring and dying from this novel coronavirus. Numerous reports have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes depletion of B- and T-lymphocytes, including CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and is associated with severe illness and death and that patients with higher lymphocyte levels may have better outcomes. Dexamethasone, a widely prescribed antiemetic for acute and delayed nausea and vomiting from a variety of cancer drugs, causes B and T cell depletion, which may augment immunosuppression. Since it seems that lymphocytes are vital in the immune response to novel coronavirus, oncologists should reconsider the routine use of prophylactic dexamethasone in uninfected patients, to avoid inducing lymphopenia, which may increase risk of infection or lead to inferior outcomes if a cancer patient subsequently becomes infected. Since many cancer drugs and malignant diseases inherently cause lymphopenia, further reduction of lymphocytes with dexamethasone should be avoided if possible and if safe and effective alternative antiemetics are available during the COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Phase III anti-HIV microbicide trial in Africa and India stopped as preliminary results show gel may increase risk of infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Microbicide Trial ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hiv Microbicide ◽  
Anti Hiv

A Phase III trial of a candidate microbicide gel to prevent HIV infection in women has been halted because more participants using the gel were becoming infected than those in the placebo group. A trial of the same gel in Nigeria has also been stopped as a precaution.

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