Hevein-like domain IV in wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is responsible for the majority of IgE cross-reactivity between WGA and hevein (Hev b 6.02)

Abstract The performance characteristics of two bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) assays, a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) precipitation assay and a new immunoadsorption assay (IAA), were compared. The within- and between-run imprecision of the IAA (3.6-4.2% and 3.6-7.7%) was comparable with that of the WGA assay. The mean cross-reactivity with liver ALP appeared to be 4% in the WGA assay and 11% in the IAA. The reference ranges in a group of 155 healthy Caucasian (pre)pubertal schoolgirls were: 149-401 U/L (total ALP, 30 degrees C), 105-349 U/L (bone ALP, 30 degrees C, WGA assay), and 58-205 U/L (bone ALP, 25 degrees C, IAA). Comparison of the WGA assay (x) with the IAA (y) demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.95 [Deming regression equation: y = (0.56 +/- 0.01)x + (2.0 +/- 1.5); Sy[symbol: see text]x = 5.3 U/L]. Correlation studies of the WGA assay and the IAA results with total ALP demonstrated r = 0.98 and 0.96, respectively.

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554 Cross-reactivity between wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and prohevein, a major latex allergen

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/s0091-6749(96)80772-x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 321-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H ALENIUS ◽

N KALKKINEN ◽

K TURJANMAA ◽

A LAUERMA ◽

T REUNALA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Cross Reactivity

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Quantification of skeletal alkaline phosphatase in osteoporotic serum by wheat germ agglutinin precipitation, heat inactivation, and a two-site immunoradiometric assay

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/40.9.1749 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 1749-1756 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J R Farley ◽

S L Hall ◽

D Ilacas ◽

C Orcutt ◽

B E Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Heat Inactivation ◽

Immunoradiometric Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Relative Recovery ◽

Skeletal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Precipitation Heat

Abstract Three methods for quantifying skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) activity/immunoactivity in serum--heat inactivation, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) precipitation, and an immunoradiometric assay--were tested for recovery and specificity and applied to 81 sera collected from 14 postmenopausal osteoporotic subjects. The heat-inactivation and WGA precipitation assays showed relative recoveries of 91-100% and 16-32%, respectively, for skeletal ALP with complete specificity (no cross-reactivity with hepatic or intestinal ALP); the IRMA showed a relative recovery of 86-100% and 11-14% cross-reactivity with hepatic ALP. There was a closer correlation between the heat-inactivation assay and IRMA (r = 0.833) than between the WGA precipitation assay and IRMA (r = 0.673) or between the heat-inactivation and WGA-precipitation assays (r = 0.568). The WGA precipitation assay failed to detect skeletal ALP in three serum samples that contained significant amounts as determined by the heat-inactivation assay and the IRMA.

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Failure of 6D1 or Exposure of Platelets to ADP to Affect Agglutination Induced by Wheat Germ Agglutinin

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646911 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 62 (02) ◽

pp. 815 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marjorie B Zucker ◽

Robert A Grant ◽

Evelyn A Mauss

Keyword(s):

Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽

Wheat Germ

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Transport Characteristics of Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Modified Insulin-Liposomes and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in a Perfused Rat Intestinal Model

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2006.425 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 2959-2966 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Na Zhang ◽

Qineng Ping ◽

Guihua Huang ◽

Xiuzhen Han ◽

Yanna Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Solid Lipid ◽

Mucosal Absorption ◽

Perfusion Experiment ◽

Absorption Sites

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) modified liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were evaluated for improving intestinal absorption of insulin. In an in situ local intestinal perfusion experiment, formulations containing 100 IU/kg insulin were administered to the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of fasted rats. As hypothesized, ileum was the best intestinal location for the absorption of insulin-containing liposomes. Serum insulin concentrations decreased for the various formulations in different absorption sites according to the following trends: Duodenum > ileum > jejunum for WGA-modified insulin-containing liposomes; duodenum > jejunum > ileum for WGA-modified insulin-containing SLNs; ileum > jejunum > duodenum for insulin-containing liposomes; ileum > duodenum > jejunum for insulin-containing SLNs; and duodenum ≥ ileum > jejunum for aqueous solution of insulin. These results imply that the nanoparticle type and delivery site were important factors with respect to increasing the bioavailability of insulin following oral administration. The proteolytic degradation as well as the epithelial permeability were primary determinants influcing insulin mucosal absorption.

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Identification of distinct haemocyte populations from the freshwater bivalves swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea) and duck mussel (Anodonta anatina) using wheat-germ agglutinin

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (12) ◽

pp. 937-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Hinzmann ◽

M. Lopes-Lima ◽

F. Cerca ◽

A. Correia ◽

J. Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Anodonta Cygnea ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Lectin Staining ◽

Surface Staining ◽

Cytological Features ◽

Freshwater Bivalves

Haemocytes play a major role in molluscs immunity. Functional studies are, however, impaired by limited available experimental tools to identify and sort distinct haemocyte populations. Therefore, using nonlethal methods, we aimed at evaluating whether lectin staining combined with flow cytometry could be used to distinguish circulating haemocyte populations from two freshwater bivalves of the family Unionidae, the duck mussel (Anodonta anatina (L., 1758)) and the swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (L., 1758)). Based on classical classification, haemocytes were distinguished as granulocytes and hyalinocytes and cytological features were visualized using transmission microscopy and staining techniques. Size, granularity, viability, and surface staining using lectins as specific probes were analysed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The microscopic proportions of granulocytes and hyalinocytes significantly differed, being of 70% and 30% for A. cygnea and of 85% and 15% for A. anatina, respectively. Two haemocyte populations were sorted by flow cytometry based on size and granularity and confirmed as granulocytes and hyalinocytes. Interestingly, two different granulocyte populations could be further discriminated in A. cygnea according to their binding affinity to wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), whereas granulocytes of A. anatina all stained similarly. Our results show that WGA labelling combined with flow cytometry can be used to better discriminate Anodonta haemocyte populations and obtain purified populations for functional studies.

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