TEMPERATURE SENSATION TESTER.

The thermosensory system may misidentify a temperature stimulus with different thermal properties. The mechanism of this hot-cold confusion has not been clarified; hence, it has not yet been applied. In this study, we created a wearable temperature presentation device that is closer to the application and analyzed the tendency and mechanism of temperature confusion by analyzing the hot-cold confusion of temperature sensation in the fingers, which are most frequently in contact with objects. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, we presented stimuli on the tips of three fingers (first, second, and third fingers). In the second experiment, we presented stimuli at the center of the distal phalanx, middle phalanx, and proximal phalanx of the first finger. The experimental results indicated the occurrence of hot-cold confusion. Domination, in which the center is dominated by both ends, and a mutual effect, in which the center interacts with both ends, were observed.

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Predicting the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence: a prospective cohort study of patients with diabetes in Tanzania

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roozbeh Naemi ◽

Nachiappan Chockalingam ◽

Janet K Lutale ◽

Zulfiqarali G Abbas

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Dry Skin ◽

Perception Threshold ◽

Foot Ulceration ◽

Temperature Sensation ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Vibration Perception

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the parameters that predict the risk of future foot ulcer occurrence in patients with diabetes.Research design and methods1810 (male (M)/female (F): 1012/798) patients, with no foot ulcer at baseline, participated in this study. Data from a set of 28 parameters were collected at baseline. During follow-up, 123 (M/F: 68/55) patients ulcerated. Survival analyses together with logistic regression were used to identify the parameters that could predict the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence.ResultsA number of parameters (HR (95% CI)) including neuropathy (2.525 (1.680 to 3.795)); history of ulceration (2.796 (1.029 to 7.598)); smoking history (1.686 (1.097 to 2.592)); presence of callus (1.474 (0.999 to 2.174)); nail ingrowth (5.653 (2.078 to 15.379)); foot swelling (3.345 (1.799 to 6.218)); dry skin (1.926 (1.273 to 2.914)); limited ankle (1.662 (1.365 to 2.022)) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (2.745 (1.853 to 4.067)) ranges of motion; and decreased (3.141 (2.102 to 4.693)), highly decreased (5.263 (1.266 to 21.878)), and absent (9.671 (5.179 to 18.059)) sensation to touch; age (1.026 (1.010 to 1.042)); vibration perception threshold (1.079 (1.060 to 1.099)); duration of diabetes (1.000 (1.000 to 1.000)); and plantar pressure at the first metatarsal head (1.003 (1.001 to 1.005)), temperature sensation (1.019 (1.004 to 1.035)) and temperature tolerance (1.523 (1.337 to 1.734)) thresholds to hot stimuli and blood sugar level (1.027 (1.006 to 1.048)) were all significantly associated with increased risk of ulceration. However, plantar pressure underneath the fifth toe (0.990 (0.983 to 0.998)) and temperature sensation (0.755 (0.688 to 0.829)) and temperature tolerance (0.668 (0.592 to 0.0754)) thresholds to cold stimuli showed to significantly decrease the risk of future ulcer occurrence. Multivariate survival model indicated that nail ingrowth (4.42 (1.38 to 14.07)); vibration perception threshold (1.07 (1.04 to 1.09)); dry skin status (4.48 (1.80 to 11.14)); and temperature tolerance threshold to warm stimuli (1.001 (1.000 to 1.002)) were significant predictors of foot ulceration risk in the final model. The mean time to ulceration was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for patients with: dry skin (χ2=11.015), nail ingrowth (χ2=14.688), neuropathy (χ2=21.284), or foot swelling (χ2=16.428).ConclusionNail ingrowth and dry skin were found to be strong indicators of vulnerability of patients to diabetic foot ulceration. Results highlight that assessments of neuropathy in relation to both small and larger fiber impairment need to be considered for predicting the risk of diabetic foot ulceration.

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Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome with loss of pain and temperature sensation on the contralateral face: clinical, MRI and electrophysiological studies

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/bf00874113 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 240 (8) ◽

pp. 462-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lie-Gan Chia ◽

Wu-Chung Shen

Keyword(s):

Temperature Sensation ◽

Lateral Medullary Syndrome ◽

Electrophysiological Studies ◽

Clinical Mri

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Does Dexmedetomidine Have a Perineural Mechanism of Action When Used as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine?

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000001429 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 66-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jakob H. Andersen ◽

Ulrik Grevstad ◽

Hanna Siegel ◽

Jørgen B. Dahl ◽

Ole Mathiesen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Detection Threshold ◽

Saphenous Nerve ◽

Heat Pain ◽

Nerve Blocks ◽

Heat Stimulation ◽

Temperature Sensation ◽

Peripheral Mechanism ◽

Pain Detection

Abstract Background Dexmedetomidine used as an adjuvant to local anesthetics may prolong the duration of peripheral nerve blocks. Whether this is mediated by a perineural or systemic mechanism remains unknown. The authors hypothesized that dexmedetomidine has a peripheral mechanism of action. Methods The authors conducted a randomized, paired, triple-blind trial in healthy volunteers. All received bilateral saphenous nerve blocks with 20 ml ropivacaine, 0.5%, plus 1 ml dexmedetomidine, 100 µg/ml, in one thigh and 20 ml ropivacaine 0.5% plus 1 ml saline in the other thigh. The primary outcome measure was the duration of block assessed by temperature sensation (alcohol swab). The secondary outcome measure was the duration of block assessed by pinprick, pain during tonic heat stimulation, warmth detection threshold, and heat pain detection threshold. Results All 21 enrolled volunteers completed the trial. The mean duration of block assessed by temperature sensation in the leg receiving ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine was 22 h (95% CI, 21 to 24) compared to 20 h (95% CI, 19 to 21) in the leg receiving ropivacaine plus placebo with a mean difference of 2 h (95% CI, 1 to 3; P = 0.001). The duration of block was also significantly longer in the leg receiving dexmedetomidine when assessed by pinprick, pain during tonic heat stimulation, and warmth detection threshold but not heat pain detection threshold. One participant experienced numbness in an area in the leg receiving dexmedetomidine. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of a saphenous nerve block by a peripheral mechanism when controlling for systemic effects but not necessarily to a clinically relevant extent.

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Cold-induced vasodilatation response in the fingers at 4 different water temperatures

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2012-0118 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Igor B. Mekjavic ◽

Uroš Dobnikar ◽

Stylianos N. Kounalakis

Keyword(s):

Young Male ◽

The Other ◽

Subjective Ratings ◽

Thermal Discomfort ◽

Temperature Sensation ◽

Cold Induced Vasodilatation ◽

Finger Skin ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Skin Temperatures ◽

Temperature Amplitude

We evaluated the cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) response at 4 different water temperatures. Nine healthy young male subjects immersed their right hands in 35 °C water for 5 min, and immediately thereafter for 30 min in a bath maintained at either 5, 8, 10, or 15 °C. The responses of finger skin temperatures, subjective ratings of thermal comfort and temperature sensation scores were compared between the 4 immersion trials. The number of subjects who exhibited a CIVD response was higher during immersion of the hand in 5 and 8 °C (100%) compared with 10 and 15 °C water (87.5% and 37.5%, respectively). The CIVD temperature amplitude was 4.2 ± 2.6, 3.4 ± 2.0, 2.1 ± 1.6, and 2.8 ± 2.0 °C at 5, 8, 10, and 15 °C trials, respectively; higher in 5 and 8 °C compared with 10 and 15 °C water (p = 0.003). No differences in CIVD were found between the 5 and 8 °C immersions. However, during immersion in 5 °C, subjects felt “uncomfortable” while in the other trials felt “slightly uncomfortable” (p = 0.005). The temperature sensation score was “cold” for 5 °C and “cool” for the other trials, but no statistical differences were observed. Immersion of the hand in 8 °C elicits a CIVD response of similar magnitude as immersion in 5 °C, but with less thermal discomfort.

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