Frost risk mapping derived from satellite and surface data over the Bolivian Altiplano

Mud volcanoes in Grobogan are referred as the Grobogan Mud Volcanoes Complex in Central Java where there is evidence of oil seepages. This comprehensive research is to determine the characteristics and hydrocarbon potential of the mud volcanoes in the Central Java region as a new opportunity for hydrocarbon exploration. The Grobogan Mud Volcano Complex consists of eight mud volcanoes that have its characteristics based on the study used the geological surface data and seismic literature as supporting data on eight mud volcanoes. The determination of geological surface characteristics is based on geomorphological analysis, laboratory analysis such as petrography, natural gas geochemistry, water analysis, mud geochemical analysis and biostratigraphy. Surface data and subsurface data are correlated, interpreted, and validated to make mud volcano system model. The purpose of making the mud volcanoes system model is to identify the hydrocarbon potential in Grobogan. This research proved that each of the Grobogan Mud Volcanoes has different morphological forms. Grobogan Mud Volcanoes materials are including muds, rock fragments, gas, and water content with different elemental values. Based on this research result, there are four mud volcano systems models in Central Java, they are Bledug Kuwu, Maesan, Cungkrik, and Crewek type. The source of the mud is from Ngimbang and Tawun Formation (Middle Eocene to Early Miocene) from biostratigraphy data and it been correlated with seismic data. Grobogan Mud Volcanoes have potential hydrocarbons with type III kerogen of organic matter (gas) and immature to early mature level based on TOC vs HI cross plot. The main product are thermogenic gas and some oil in relatively small quantities. Water analysis shows that it has mature sodium chloride water. This analysis also shows the location was formed within formations that are deposited in a marine environment with high salinity. Research of mud volcanos is rarely done in general. However, this comprehensive research shows the mud volcano has promising hydrocarbon potential and is a new perspective on hydrocarbon exploration.

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Compositional characteristics of middle to upper Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Bolivian Altiplano

10.3133/b2119 ◽

1995 ◽

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Rocks ◽

Bolivian Altiplano

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Farmers' willingness to adopt irrigation for quinoa in communities of the Central Altiplano of Bolivia

Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico ◽

10.35319/lajed.201116143 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 7-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristal Taboada ◽

Armando Mamani ◽

Dirk Raes ◽

Erik Mathijs ◽

Magalí García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deficit Irrigation ◽

New Technology ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Average Yield ◽

Abiotic Conditions ◽

Surplus Production ◽

Irrigation Technology ◽

Willingness To Adopt ◽

Bolivian Altiplano ◽

Main Factors

Quinoa is considered a strategic crop because it is well adapted to the adverse abiotic conditions of the Bolivian Altiplano; however, the average yield is low. Previous studies have demonstrated that quinoa yield would increase with deficit irrigation technology. Nevertheless, to irrigate quinoa is not a normal practice in the farming systems of the Altiplano. This paper examines the main factors that determine the attitude of farmers towards adopting deficit irrigation using a sample of 137 surveys in seven communities of the Central Altiplano. Statistic analysis demonstrates that the most important factors influencing farmers' willingness for irrigation adoption are the acreage planted with quinoa, quantity of surplus production for trading, and having irrigation experience. Also, the age and education level were important to know willingness to adopt a new technology. Therefore, deficit irrigation is more likely to be performed in area where farmers own larger fields and where there is already certain type of irrigation.

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FATORES CONDICIONANTES E DESENCADEANTES DE QUEDAS DE BLOCOS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIACHO TRAPIÁ, SOBRAL, CEARÁ, BRASIL

Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) ◽

10.35701/rcgs.v21n2.512 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 393-412

Author(s):

Adisson Souza Tavares ◽

Frederico De Holanda Bastos ◽

Yuri Da Silva Belarmino

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Environmental Planning ◽

Field Research ◽

Risk Mapping ◽

Dynamics Analysis ◽

Natural Processes

As quedas de blocos são processos naturais, classificadas como eventos geomorfológicos perigosos ao homem a partir dos impactos que podem causar sobre as populações que vivem em encostas susceptíveis. O seu deflagro está submetido à influência de diversos fatores que possuem diferentes funções e dinâmicas. Os agentes geológicos, geomorfológicos, pedológicos, fitogeográficos, hidroclimáticos e antrópicos desencadeiam e condicionam os fenômenos, implicando na mudança de sua estrutura, velocidade e duração. De acordo com a classificação de Garcia (2012), este trabalho objetiva identificar os agentes condicionantes e desencadeantes de quedas de blocos, na bacia hidrográfica do Riacho Trapiá, localizada na vertente sul da Serra da Meruoca, noroeste do Ceará. Os passos metodológicos foram: levantamento bibliográfico e cartográfico, técnicas de geoprocessamento, pesquisa de campo e integralização dos dados. Entende-se que os diferentes fatores que levam à ocorrência de quedas de blocos podem ser agrupados em dois conjuntos, sendo eles condicionantes, que levam a predisposição ao início das quedas, e os desencadeantes, que são dinâmicos e iniciam diretamente os processos morfodinâmicos. Logo, a presente análise pode servir de base para diversos tipos de estudos sobre temáticas geomorfológicas, a exemplo das análises de dinâmicas de vertentes, cartografia de risco, planejamento ambiental, ou gestão de bacias hidrográficas.Palavras-chave: Morfodinâmica; Susceptibilidade Geomorfológica; Quedas de Blocos. ABSTRACTRockfalls are natural processes, classified as geomorphological events dangerous to man from the impacts they can cause on populations living on susceptible slopes. Its origin is subject to the influence of several factors that have different functions and dynamics. Geological, geomorphological, pedological, phytogeographic, hydroclimatic and anthropogenic agents trigger and condition phenomena, implying a change in structure, speed and duration. According to Garcia's classification (2012), this work aims to identify the conditioning and triggering agents of rockfalls, in the Riacho Trapiá watershed, located on the southern of Serra da Meruoca, northwestern Ceará. The methodological steps were: bibliographical and cartographic survey, geoprocessing techniques, field research and data collection. It is understood that the different factors that lead to the occurrence of rockfalls can be grouped in two sets, being they conditioners, which lead to the predisposition to the beginning of falls, and the triggers, which are dynamic and directly start the morphodynamic processes. Therefore, the present analysis can serve as the basis for several types of studies on geomorphological topics, such as slope dynamics analysis, risk mapping, environmental planning, or watershed management.Keywords: Morphodynamic; Geomorphological Susceptibility; Rockfalls. RESUMENLas caídas de rocas son procesos naturales, clasificados como eventos geomorfológicos peligrosos para el hombre por los impactos que pueden tener en las poblaciones que viven en laderas susceptibles. Su brote está sujeto a la influencia de varios factores que tienen diferentes funciones y dinámicas. Los agentes geológicos, geomorfológicos, pedológicos, fitogeográficos, hidroclimáticos y antrópicos desencadenan y condicionan los fenómenos, lo que implica un cambio en su estructura, velocidad y duración. De acuerdo con la clasificación de García (2012), este artículo objetiva identificar el acondicionamiento y los agentes desencadenantes de las caídas en la cuenca del Riacho Trapiá, ubicada en la ladera sur de la Serra da Meruoca, al noroeste de Ceará. Los pasos metodológicos fueron: levantamiento bibliográfico y cartográfico, técnicas de geoprocesamiento, investigación de campo e integración de datos. Se entiende que los diferentes factores que conducen a la aparición de caídas se pueden agrupar en dos conjuntos, que son factores condicionantes, guiando la predisposición a la aparición de caídas, y los factores desencadenantes, que son dinámicos e inician directamente procesos morfodinámicos. Este análisis puede servir como base para estudios sobre temas geomorfológicos, tales como análisis de dinámica de taludes, mapeo de riesgos, planificación ambiental o gestión de cuencas hidrográficas.Palavras clave: Morfodinámica; Susceptibilidad Geomorfológica; Caídas de Rocas.

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