Effect of chromium supplementation on hair chromium concentration and diabetic status

Sensitization in stainless steels is caused by the formation of chromium-rich M23C6 carbides at grain boundaries, which depletes the adjacent matrix and boundary region of chromium, and hence leads to rapid intergranular attack. To fully understand the sensitization process, and to test the accuracy of theories proposed to model this process, it is necessary to obtain very accurate measurements of the chromium concentration at grain boundaries in sensitized specimens. Quantitative X-ray spectroscopy in the analytical electron microscope (AEM) enables the chromium concentration profile across these boundaries to be studied directly; however, it has been shown that a strong effect of foil thickness and electron probe size may be present in the analysis of rapidly-changing compositional gradients. The goal of this work is to examine these effects.

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CHROMIUM CONCENTRATION IN AND AROUND FERRITE-AUSTENITE PHASE BOUNDARIES IN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS

Le Journal de Physique Colloques ◽

10.1051/jphyscol:1989861 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 50 (C8) ◽

pp. C8-361-C8-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. J. GADGIL ◽

J. J. SWENS ◽

B. H. KOLSTER

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steels ◽

Chromium Concentration ◽

Austenite Phase ◽

Duplex Stainless Steels ◽

Phase Boundaries

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Chromium concentration effect on an alloy surface stability and oxidation initiation

SNA + MC 2013 - Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications + Monte Carlo ◽

10.1051/snamc/201401307 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Nishith Kumar Das ◽

Tetsuo Shoji

Keyword(s):

Chromium Concentration ◽

Concentration Effect ◽

Alloy Surface ◽

Surface Stability

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2449-PUB: Sex-Specific Associations between Diabetic Status and Cognitive Performance

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-2449-pub ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2449-PUB

Author(s):

AAYUSH VISARIA ◽

LOUIS F. AMOROSA

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Diabetic Status

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Whole blood chromium concentration is very rarely elevated independently of whole blood cobalt

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91512-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olli Lainiala ◽

Mari Karsikas ◽

Aleksi Reito ◽

Antti Eskelinen

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Chromium Concentration ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Metal Debris ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

Metal On Metal ◽

Hip Replacements

AbstractDue to the risk of adverse reactions to metal debris resulting from increased wear of the arthroplasty more than one million metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacements worldwide are in active follow-up. Follow-up usually includes measurement of both whole blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) concentrations. Our experience is that Cr is seldom independently elevated. We wanted to ascertain whether blood Cr measurements could be omitted from follow-up protocols without lowering the quality of follow-up. We identified 8438 whole blood Co and Cr measurements performed without or prior to revision surgery. When the cut-off levels 5 µg/L and 7 µg/L were used, Cr was independently elevated in only 0.5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.3 to 0.6) and 0.2% (CI 0.1 to 0.3) of the measurements. The models with continuous variables showed that the higher the blood metal concentrations are the lower the percentage of measurements with Cr higher than Co. Our results suggest that whole blood Cr is very rarely independently elevated and therefore the authorities should consider omitting Cr measurements from their screening guidelines of MoM hip replacements. We believe this change in practice would simplify follow-up and lead to cost savings without decreasing the quality of follow-up.

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