Central serotonin depletion modulates the behavioural, endocrine and physiological responses to repeated social stress and subsequent c-fos expression in the brains of male rats

Objective. To investigate the effect of glyprolines on the levels of initiating and effector caspases in the serum of white rats under "social" stress. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 90 white male rats of 6 months of age. All manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance with international and domestic requirements for working with laboratory animals. When modeling "social" stress, groups of animals with aggressive and submissive behavior were formed. Laboratory animals, taking into account the types of behavior, were divided into groups (n=10): a group of intact males (control); a group of animals exposed to" social " stress for 20 days (stress); groups of individuals who received intraperitoneal Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro), Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu at doses of 100 mcg/kg / day from the 1st day of stress exposure within a 20- day course. The effect of neuropeptides on the activity of apoptosis processes was evaluated by determining the level of initiating and effector caspases (caspase-8 and caspase-3) (ELISA Kit for Caspase-8 and ELISA Kit for Caspase-3; USA) in the blood serum of white rats by enzyme immunoassay. Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that under conditions of "social" stress, an increase in apoptotic processes was observed, accompanied by an increase in the level of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in the blood serum of white rats. The introduction of the studied compounds against the background of stress contributed to a decrease in the level of the studied indicators, which is most likely due to the presence of antiapoptotic action in glyprolins due to inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions, as a result of which the destruction of cellular structures occurs by hydrolysis of nuclear lamina, cleavage of adhesive proteins, destruction of the cytoskeleton. Conclusion. Thus, the conducted study established the presence of Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu under conditions of stress-induced antiapoptotic activity due to inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions.

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Effects of peripheral FAAH blockade on NTG-induced hyperalgesia—evaluation of URB937 in an animal model of migraine

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102414566862 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 1065-1076 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R Greco ◽

T Bandiera ◽

AS Mangione ◽

C Demartini ◽

F Siani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Acid Amide ◽

Male Rats ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Tail Flick Test ◽

Brain Nuclei ◽

Nociceptive Responses ◽

Fos Expression ◽

Baseline Conditions

Background Systemic nitroglycerin (NTG) activates brain nuclei involved in nociceptive transmission as well as in neuroendocrine and autonomic functions in rats. These changes are considered relevant for migraine because NTG consistently provokes spontaneous-like migraine attacks in migraineurs. Several studies have suggested a relationship between the endocannabinoid levels and pain mediation in migraine. URB937, a peripheral inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)—the enzyme that degrades anandamide, produces analgesia in animal models of pain, but there is no information on its effects in migraine. Aim We evaluated whether URB937 alters nociceptive responses in the animal model of migraine based on NTG administration in male rats, using the tail flick test and the plantar and orofacial formalin tests, under baseline conditions and after NTG administration. Furthermore, we investigated whether URB937 affects NTG-induced c-Fos expression in the brain. Results During the tail flick test, URB937 showed an antinociceptive effect in baseline conditions and it blocked NTG-induced hyperalgesia. URB937 also proved effective in counteracting NTG-induced hyperalgesia during both the plantar and orofacial formalin tests. Mapping of brain nuclei activated by NTG indicates that URB937 significantly reduces c-Fos expression in the nucleus trigeminalis caudalis and the locus coeruleus. Conclusions The data suggest that URB937 is capable of changing, probably via indirect mechanisms, the functional status of central structures that are important for pain transmission in an animal model of migraine.

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c-FOS expression in the brain of mice with acute and chronic social stress

Neuroscience Research Supplements ◽

10.1016/0921-8696(94)92920-3 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. S231

Author(s):

Seiji Matsuda ◽

Masahiro Sakanaka

Keyword(s):

Social Stress ◽

Chronic Social Stress ◽

Fos Expression ◽

The Brain

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Olfactory preference and Fos expression in the accesory olfactory system of male rats with bilateral lesions of the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.012 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 1035-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

H.A. Hurtazo ◽

R.G. Paredes

Keyword(s):

Olfactory System ◽

Preoptic Area ◽

Medial Preoptic Area ◽

Anterior Hypothalamus ◽

Male Rats ◽

Olfactory Preference ◽

Fos Expression ◽

Bilateral Lesions

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Regulation of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in adrenals of Wistar rats under chronic stress

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.r957 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (5) ◽

pp. R957-R962 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. Lemaire ◽

M. Le Moal ◽

P. Mormede

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Social Stress ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Sympathetic Innervation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Adrenal Weight ◽

Inhibitory Influence ◽

Chronic Social Stress ◽

Sympathetic Nervous

We have shown previously that chronic social stress has differential effects on adrenal weight and on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) specific activity, depending on the experimental design. To determine the role of the sympathetic nervous system and of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPAA) in these modifications, we studied the mechanisms of regulation of these parameters in basal conditions as well as in response to reserpine treatment and chronic social stress in the Wistar strain of rats. We found that the adrenal weight is mostly dependent on the activity of the HPAA, which is increased in male rats living in mixed-sex colonies. PNMT specific activity is regulated by splanchnic innervation, confirming that its induction by social instability is a consequence of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. The increase of TH specific activity, as seen in unstable, mixed-sex colonies, is not under sympathetic control. However, we show that the pituitary may exert a tonic inhibitory influence, dependent on the sympathetic innervation. These data confirm that the HPAA and the sympathetic nervous system may be independently triggered in chronic social stress conditions.

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