An Expression for the Prediction of Activity Coefficients in Solutions of Sodium Chloride in a Mixed Solvent of Aqueous Ethanol

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. xlvi
Author(s):  
Neal Lee ◽  
Marc LeMaguer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol

A simplified form of Stokes–Robinson equation

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai-Fu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Interionic Interactions ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Robinson Equation ◽  
Existing Data

In non-associated dilute aqueous electrolyte solutions, the deviation from ideality is principally attributed to the interionic interactions and hydration of ions. Stokes and Robinson combined Bjerrum's thermodynamic treatment of ion–solvent interactions with Debye–Hückel treatment of interionic interactions to obtain a two-parameter equation. In very dilute regions, the Stokes and Robinson's equation reduces to a much simpler form, i.e.[Formula: see text]Activity coefficients of an electrolyte at lower concentrations, say up to 0.1 m, can be calculated from the equation provided suitable values of &([a-z]+); and h are available. Solutions of hydrogen chloride and sodium chloride were chosen as examples. The results agree with the existing data very satisfactorily.

Conductance Study of Benzyl Bromide Reaction with Cyclicamines in Aqueous-Ethanol Medium

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Veerati Radhika ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Benzyl Bromide ◽  
Frontier Molecular Orbital ◽  
Orbital Interactions ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Ethanol Medium ◽  
Solvation Of Ions ◽  
Homo Lumo

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of benzyl bromide and cyclicamines in ethanol aqueous intermediate reactivity can suggest that the nucleophile increases through their pKa values. A linear correlation exists between computed values of the dipole moment, rate and electronegativity of the nucelophiles. The two reactants suggest that frontier molecular orbital interactions ion-solvation and correlation of time with the HOMO-LUMO breach of that the reaction.  But it is not orbital controlled as well as forbidden by the electrostatic interactions along with mixed solvent composition between the reactants. The influence on the solvation of ions before reaction has been discuss with facilitate by R-factor. Thermodynamic properties are evaluate and report. The consequences of the learning to be interpreted in terms of ion-solvent exchanges and solvent properties comparing with electrostatic interaction between the reactants.   

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