Viscometric Studies of Ion Solvation of Some Alkali Metal Salts in 2-Aminoethanol + N,N-Dimethylacetamide Binary Mixtures at 298.15 K and 308.15 K

Densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), tetrabutyl-ammonium thiocyanate (Bu4NSCN), tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) were measured in binary mixed solutions of 2-aminoethanol (AE) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) containing 25, 50, 60, 80 and 100 mol % DMA in the concentration range (3-500) ×10-4 mol kg-1 at 298.15 K and 308.15 K temperatures. The density and viscosity data were analyzed using the Jones-Dole equation in the form ηr = 1 + A(C1/2) + BC for unassociated electrolytes and viscosity A and B-coefficients were obtained from the plots of of ηr – 1/C1/2 versus C1/2. The A-coefficients obtained from the analysis of Jones-Dole equation are positive as well as negative. The positive values indicate the solvation of ions in solutions of binary mixtures (AE + DMA) especially in 50 and 60 mol% DMA. The viscosity B-coefficients of all these electrolytes were positive and large in case of cations and were split into their respective ionic (B±) coefficient values using a method reported by Gill and Sharma. The viscosity B-coefficients values were increasing with the increase increasing DMA composition in the binary mixed solvent system of AE + DMA but decreasing with increasing temperature from 298.15 K to 308.15 K. The obtained results indicate about the preferential solvation of ions i.e. Li+, Na+, K+, Bu4N+ and Ph4B– ions and poor solvation of ClO4 – and SCN– ions. The results also revealed that these interactions get weaker with increase in temperature. The resulting B-coefficients and its dependence of temperature provide useful information regarding changes in the solvent structure.

Experimental observation of nanophase segregation in aqueous salt solutions around the predicted liquid–liquid transition in water

Using ultrafast spectroscopy to determine temperature-dependent structuring of water, solvation of ions and the size of phase segregated domains.

Conductance Study of Benzyl Bromide Reaction with Cyclicamines in Aqueous-Ethanol Medium

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of benzyl bromide and cyclicamines in ethanol aqueous intermediate reactivity can suggest that the nucleophile increases through their pKa values. A linear correlation exists between computed values of the dipole moment, rate and electronegativity of the nucelophiles. The two reactants suggest that frontier molecular orbital interactions ion-solvation and correlation of time with the HOMO-LUMO breach of that the reaction. But it is not orbital controlled as well as forbidden by the electrostatic interactions along with mixed solvent composition between the reactants. The influence on the solvation of ions before reaction has been discuss with facilitate by R-factor. Thermodynamic properties are evaluate and report. The consequences of the learning to be interpreted in terms of ion-solvent exchanges and solvent properties comparing with electrostatic interaction between the reactants.

Solvo-osmotic flow in electrolytic mixtures

We show that an electric field parallel to an electrically neutral surface can generate flow of electrolytic mixtures in small channels. We term this solvo-osmotic flow, since the flow is induced by the asymmetric preferential solvation of ions at the liquid–solid interface. The generated flow is comparable in magnitude to the ubiquitous electro-osmotic flow at charged surfaces, but for a fixed surface charge density, it differs qualitatively in its dependence on ionic strength. Solvo-osmotic flow can also be sensitively controlled with temperature. We derive a modified Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation that accounts for these effects.