Carbon monoxide yield in natural gas autothermal reforming process

Experimental studies have been carried out on decreasing the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of a compressed natural-gas (CNG) engine operating in quasi-homogeneous charge compression ignition (QHCCI) mode at low loads. The effects of three technical approaches including partial gas cut-off (PGC), intake air throttling, and increasing the pilot fuel quantity on emissions and the brake thermal efficiency of the CNG engine are studied. The results show that HC and CO emissions can be reduced with only a small penalty on the brake thermal efficiency. An increase in the brake thermal efficiency and reductions in HC and CO emissions can be simultaneously realized by increasing the pilot fuel quantity. It is also indicated from experiments that the HC and CO emissions of the engine can be effectively reduced when using intake air throttling and increasing the pilot fuel quantity are both adopted. However, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increase with increase in the throttling and the pilot fuel quantity. Under PGC conditions, NOx emissions are lower than those in the standard mode; however, they increase and exceed the values in the standard mode in increases in the load and natural-gas supply.

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Relationship of Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary function to Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yield of Cigarettes

American Review of Respiratory Disease ◽

10.1164/ajrccm/143.2.306 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 306-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michal Krzyzanowski ◽

Duane L. Sherrill ◽

Paolo Paoletti ◽

Michael D. Lebowitz

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Carbon Monoxide Yield ◽

Relationship Of

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Carbon monoxide yield of cigarettes

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.280.6214.646-c ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 280 (6214) ◽

pp. 646-646

Author(s):

P. N Lee

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide Yield

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Preventing carbon monoxide poisoning in the home

Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin ◽

10.1136/dtb.22.21.81 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 81-82

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Air Supply

Carbon monoxide (CO) is the commonest single cause of poisoning in the home. The gas is produced when carbon-containing materials burn incompletely, as occurs when coal, coke or wood, liquid fuels or natural gas are burnt without an adequate air supply. Petrol engines produce up to 10% CO in their exhaust. The concentration of CO in the air builds up if ventilation is inadequate.

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Levels and Determinants of Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide in Kitchens Using Biomass and Non-Biomass Fuel for Cooking

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zafar Fatmi ◽

Georgia Ntani ◽

David Coggon

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Personal Exposure ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Daily Average ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Good Proxy

To assist interpretation of a study in rural Pakistan on the use of biomass for cooking and the risk of coronary heart disease, we continuously monitored airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) for up to 48 h in the kitchens of households randomly selected from the parent study. Satisfactory data on PM2.5 and CO respectively were obtained for 16 and 17 households using biomass, and 19 and 17 using natural gas. Linear regression analysis indicated that in comparison with kitchens using natural gas, daily average PM2.5 concentrations were substantially higher in kitchens that used biomass in either a chimney stove (mean difference 611, 95% CI: 359, 863 µg/m3) or traditional three-stone stove (mean difference 389, 95% CI: 231, 548 µg/m3). Daily average concentrations of CO were significantly increased when biomass was used in a traditional stove (mean difference from natural gas 3.7, 95% CI: 0.8, 6.7 ppm), but not when it was used in a chimney stove (mean difference −0.8, 95% CI: −4.8, 3.2 ppm). Any impact of smoking by household members was smaller than that of using biomass, and not clearly discernible. In the population studied, cooking with biomass as compared with natural gas should serve as a good proxy for higher personal exposure to PM2.5.

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