Essential role of thyroid hormones in maturation of olfactory receptor neurons: An immunocytochemical study of number and cytoarchitecture of OMP-positive cells in developing rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 867-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paternostro ◽  
Esmail Meisami
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Receptor Neurons

scholarly journals Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Reddy ◽  
Joseph Zak ◽  
Massimo Vergassola ◽  
Venkatesh N. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Calcium Indicator ◽  
Odor Mixtures ◽  
Sensory Pathway ◽  
Receptor Neurons

AbstractNatural environments feature mixtures of odorants of diverse quantities, qualities and complexities. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are the first layer in the sensory pathway and transmit the olfactory signal to higher regions of the brain. Yet, the response of ORNs to mixtures is strongly non-additive, and exhibits antagonistic interactions among odorants. Here, we model the processing of mixtures by mammalian ORNs, focusing on the role of inhibitory mechanisms. Theoretically predicted response curves capture experimentally determined glomerular responses imaged by a calcium indicator expressed in ORNs of live, breathing mice. Antagonism leads to an effective “normalization” of the ensemble glomerular response, which arises from a novel mechanism involving the distinct statistical properties of receptor binding and activation, without any recurrent neuronal circuitry. Normalization allows our encoding model to outperform noninteracting models in odor discrimination tasks, and to explain several psychophysical experiments in humans.

scholarly journals Calcium-activated chloride channels clamp odor-evoked spike activity in olfactory receptor neurons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Zak ◽  
Julien Grimaud ◽  
Rong-Chang Li ◽  
Chih-Chun Lin ◽  
Venkatesh N. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Odor Source ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Receptor Neurons

AbstractThe calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-2 (Ano2) is thought to amplify transduction currents in ORNs, a hypothesis supported by previous studies in dissociated neurons from Ano2-/- mice. Paradoxically, despite a reduction in transduction currents in Ano2-/- ORNs, their spike output for odor stimuli may be higher. We examined the role of Ano2 in ORNs in their native environment in freely breathing mice by imaging activity in ORN axons as they arrive in the olfactory bulb glomeruli. Odor-evoked responses in ORN axons of Ano2-/- mice were consistently larger for a variety of odorants and concentrations. In an open arena, Ano2-/- mice took longer to approach a localized odor source than wild-type mice, revealing clear olfactory behavioral deficits. Our studies provide the first in vivo evidence toward an alternative role for Ano2 in the olfactory transduction cascade, where it may serve as a feedback mechanism to clamp ORN spike output.

Role of the olfactory receptor neurons in the direct transport of inhaled uranium to the rat brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Tournier ◽  
Sandrine Frelon ◽  
Elie Tourlonias ◽  
Laurence Agez ◽  
Olivia Delissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Receptor Neurons

scholarly journals Role of polysialic acid on outgrowth of rat olfactory receptor neurons

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Aoki ◽  
Yoko Nakahara ◽  
Shumpei Yamada ◽  
Kazuhiro Eto
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Polysialic Acid ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Receptor Neurons

Sodium-Gated Cation Channel Implicated in the Activation of Lobster Olfactory Receptor Neurons

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1349-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslbek B. Zhainazarov ◽  
Richard E. Doolin ◽  
Barry W. Ache
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Cation Channel ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Nonselective Cation Channel ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Ion Substitution ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Primary Odor

Zhainazarov, Aslbek B., Richard E. Doolin, and Barry W. Ache. Sodium-gated cation channel implicated in the activation of lobster olfactory receptor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1349–1359, 1998. The role of Na+-activated channels in cellular function, if any, is still elusive. We have attempted to implicate a Na+-activated nonselective cation channel in the activation of lobster olfactory receptor neurons. We show that a Na+-activated channel occurs in the odor-detecting outer dendrites. With the use of pharmacological blockers of the channel together with ion substitution, we show that a substantial part of the odor-evoked depolarization in these cells can be ascribed to a Na+-activated conductance. We hypothesize, therefore, that the Na+-activated channel amplifies the receptor current as a result of being secondarily activated by the primary odor transduction pathway.

scholarly journals Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Reddy ◽  
Joseph D Zak ◽  
Massimo Vergassola ◽  
Venkatesh N Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Odor Mixtures ◽  
Sensory Pathway ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Natural environments feature mixtures of odorants of diverse quantities, qualities and complexities. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are the first layer in the sensory pathway and transmit the olfactory signal to higher regions of the brain. Yet, the response of ORNs to mixtures is strongly non-additive, and exhibits antagonistic interactions among odorants. Here, we model the processing of mixtures by mammalian ORNs, focusing on the role of inhibitory mechanisms. We show how antagonism leads to an effective ‘normalization’ of the ensemble ORN response, that is, the distribution of responses of the ORN population induced by any mixture is largely independent of the number of components in the mixture. This property arises from a novel mechanism involving the distinct statistical properties of receptor binding and activation, without any recurrent neuronal circuitry. Normalization allows our encoding model to outperform non-interacting models in odor discrimination tasks, leads to experimentally testable predictions and explains several psychophysical experiments in humans.

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