Flotation as a separation technique in the coal gold agglomeration process

Aim: This paper aims to explain the added value increasing method of reject coal which has not utilized by the company. Methodology and Results: The method to increase added value in this study used the agglomeration process of briquettes form that changing composition by adding biomass. The biomass functions to minimize bottom ash produced from burning briquettes so that the briquettes burn entirely. Stages processes in this study consist of characterization, briquetting, physical test, and chemical test. Based on the analysis, reject coal still has a high calorific value of 5,929 cal/gr. Shapes and sizes that were not following needs of coal market or consumer due to reject coal to be a waste. Briquettes have been successfully produced and meet specification requirements based on applicable regulations in Indonesia. Besides physical properties, the briquette meet density requirements which are greater than or equal to 1 gr/cm3 and shatter index value is less than 0.5%. The gas emission test shows below threshold, which is CO 0-30 ppm, H2S 0-3.6 ppm, and NOx is not detected. After evaluation, it showed that by adding 30% biomass, ignition time could be decreased and remaining unburned briquettes or bottom ash was reduced as much as 68.68%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The bio-coal briquettes is a strategic solution to environmental problems and alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly, because CO and H2S emissions are still below the threshold, even for NOx not detected. Making Bio-coal briquettes as a solution to the utilization of reject coal mining waste to be used as an alternative energy source has been successfully carried out.

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Nondestructive Investigation of the Agglomeration Process for Nanosuspensions via NMR Relaxation of Water Molecules

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105908 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105908

Author(s):

Kotaro Okada ◽

Yoshihiro Hayashi ◽

Shungo Kumada ◽

Yoshinori Onuki

Keyword(s):

Nmr Relaxation ◽

Water Molecules ◽

Agglomeration Process ◽

Nondestructive Investigation

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Cell enrichment and separation technique using active hydrogel membranes

PAMM ◽

10.1002/pamm.202000250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ramona Mehling ◽

Denise Gruner ◽

Adrian Ehrenhofer ◽

Andreas Richter ◽

Thomas Wallmersperger

Keyword(s):

Separation Technique ◽

Hydrogel Membranes ◽

Cell Enrichment

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A New Radiocarbon Pretreatment Method for Molluscan Shell Using Density Fractionation of Carbonates in Bromoform

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200046397 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 1301-1311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christopher M Russo ◽

Jennifer A Tripp ◽

Katerina Douka ◽

Thomas F G Higham

Keyword(s):

Radiocarbon Dating ◽

Separation Technique ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Density Fractionation ◽

Pretreatment Method ◽

Density Separation ◽

Molluscan Shell ◽

Archaeological Artifacts ◽

Organic Remains

Coastal archaeological sites that lack organic remains for radiocarbon dating are often abundant sources of molluscan shells. As a substitute for materials such as bone and charcoal, shells can be analyzed with 14C dating to determine a site's age. Despite their being convenient, non-mobile archaeological artifacts, molluscan shells are plagued by several issues, including carbonate remodeling, in which aragonite in shells is converted to calcite as predicted by thermodynamics. We present here a carbonate density separation technique that addresses the issue of carbonate remodeling. Using a density fractionation with bromoform, aragonite concentrations are enriched in shells that have undergone significant remodeling. The technique has been applied to archaeological shells and has returned dates that are younger than those previously determined for the same shells.

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Verification of Outstanding Claim Provisions—Separation Technique

Astin Bulletin ◽

10.1017/s0515036100011351 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 9 (1-2) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Beard

Keyword(s):

Distribution Function ◽

Automatic Verification ◽

Separation Technique ◽

Implicit Assumption ◽

Subjective Judgment ◽

Constant Rate ◽

The Future ◽

Average Distribution ◽

Chain Ladder ◽

A Chain

In reference [1] Dr. G. C. Taylor has described a useful advance in the techniques available for verification of outstanding claims estimates when the data provided is the cohort development of numbers and amounts of claims. In this note it is assumed that the numbers relate to settled claims and that the amounts relate to claim payments, so there is an implicit assumption that the pattern of partial payments is constant. If the amounts of settled claims were to be used, there would be a one/one relationship between the numbers and amounts, but the effect of the exogeneous factor would be blurred because the settlements in a year other than the first include partial payments made some time previously, and, by hypothesis, based on different factors. If information relating to partial payments is available the data can be examined for any major fluctuation in the pattern and allowance made accordingly.In paragraph (2) of reference [1] a brief description is given of a standard routine calculation in which the average distribution function of claim payments in time is estimated from the triangle of payments by a chain ladder technique. This distribution function is then used to estimate the expected development of the incomplete cohorts, the implicit assumption being made that the function was stable in time. With a constant rate of inflation the results obtained by this technique were found to be satisfactory but with a rapid increase in the rate of inflation the distribution function changed so that projection led to underestimates of the future claims payments. Various methods of adjusting the projections to allow for the change in the rate of inflation have been investigated, but they all involve an important element of subjective judgment and so far no generally suitable basis for “automatic” verification by this particular technique has been discovered. See however reference [2].

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