Effect of Raloxifene on the Incidence of Invasive Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis Categorized by Breast Cancer Risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
M.S. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer

scholarly journals Effect of Raloxifene on the Incidence of Invasive Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis Categorized by Breast Cancer Risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 5242-5247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Lippman ◽  
Steven R. Cummings ◽  
Damon P. Disch ◽  
John L. Mershon ◽  
Sherie A. Dowsett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer

scholarly journals Use of systemic glucocorticoids and risk of breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Cairat ◽  
Marie Al Rahmoun ◽  
Marc J. Gunter ◽  
Pierre-Etienne Heudel ◽  
Gianluca Severi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoid ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoids

Abstract Background Glucocorticoids could theoretically decrease breast cancer risk through their anti-inflammatory effects or increase risk through immunosuppression. However, epidemiological evidence is limited regarding the associations between glucocorticoid use and breast cancer risk. Methods We investigated the association between systemic glucocorticoid use and breast cancer incidence in the E3N cohort, which includes 98,995 women with information on various characteristics collected from repeated questionnaires complemented with drug reimbursement data available from 2004. Women with at least two reimbursements of systemic glucocorticoids in any previous 3-month period since January 1, 2004, were defined as exposed. We considered exposure as a time-varying parameter, and we used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of breast cancer. We performed a competing risk analysis using a cause-specific hazard approach to study the heterogeneity by tumour subtype/stage/grade. Results Among 62,512 postmenopausal women (median age at inclusion of 63 years old), 2864 developed breast cancer during a median follow-up of 9 years (between years 2004 and 2014). Compared with non-exposure, glucocorticoid exposure was not associated with overall breast cancer risk [HR = 0.94 (0.85–1.05)]; however, it was associated with a higher risk of in situ breast cancer and a lower risk of invasive breast cancer [HRinsitu = 1.34 (1.01–1.78); HRinvasive = 0.86 (0.76–0.97); Phomogeneity = 0.01]. Regarding the risk of invasive breast cancer, glucocorticoid exposure was inversely associated with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer [HRER+ = 0.82 (0.72–0.94); HRER− = 1.21 (0.88–1.66); Phomogeneity = 0.03]; it was also inversely associated with the risk of stage 1 or stage 2 tumours but positively associated with the risk of stage 3/4 breast cancers [HRstage1 = 0.87 (0.75–1.01); HRstage2 = 0.67 (0.52–0.86); HRstage3/4 = 1.49 (1.02–2.20); Phomogeneity = 0.01]. Conclusion This study suggests that the association between systemic glucocorticoid use and breast cancer risk may differ by tumour subtype and stage.

Urinary Estrogen Metabolites and Breast Cancer: A Combined Analysis of Individual Level Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cher M. Dallal ◽  
Roslyn A. Stone ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
Roberta B. Ness ◽  
Victor G. Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Breast Carcinogenesis ◽  
Estrogen Metabolites ◽  
Combined Analysis

Background Circulating estrogens are associated with increased breast cancer risk, yet the role of estrogen metabolites in breast carcinogenesis remains unclear. This combined analysis of 5 published studies evaluates urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), and their ratio (2:16α-OHE1) in relation to breast cancer risk. Methods Primary data on 726 premenopausal women (183 invasive breast cancer cases and 543 controls) and 1,108 postmenopausal women (385 invasive breast cancer cases and 723 controls) were analyzed. Urinary estrogen metabolites were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Study-specific and combined multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated based on tertiles of estrogen metabolites. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit according to hormone receptor status. Results Higher premenopausal 2:16α-OHE1 was suggestive of reduced breast cancer risk overall (study-adjusted ORIIIvsI=0.80; 95% CI: 0.49-1.32) and for estrogen receptor negative (ER-) subtype (ORIIIvsI=0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.84). Among postmenopausal women, 2:16α-OHE1 was unrelated to breast cancer risk (study-adjusted ORIIIvsI=0.93; 95% CI: 0.65-1.33); however, the association between 2-OHE1 and risk varied by body mass index (p-interaction=0.003). Conclusions Premenopausal urinary 2:16α-OHE1 may play a role in breast carcinogenesis; however, larger studies are needed. Our findings do not support reduced breast cancer risk with higher postmenopausal 2:16α-OHE1 overall, although obesity may modify associations with 2-OHE1.

Past use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of invasive breast cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10518-10518 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Chen ◽  
S. E. Hankinson ◽  
B. Rosner ◽  
G. A. Colditz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The Relationship

10518 Background: Although current use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with a greater risk of breast cancer than past use, the effects of longer term past use of HRT are not well quantified. Methods: We examined the relationship between past HRT use and invasive breast cancer risk within the Nurses’ Health Study, a prospective cohort of 121,700 registered nurses aged 30–55 in 1976 who update information on cancer risk factors and outcomes through biennial questionnaires. For this analysis, the follow-up period was 1980 through 2004 and only included person-time for postmenopausal women. Status of HRT use (never, past, or current), type of HRT (oral unopposed estrogen (E alone) or combination oral estrogen + progesterone (E+P)), and duration of HRT use were assessed every 2 years and defined prospectively. Proportional hazards models controlled for age, body mass index, parity, age at first birth, family history of breast cancer, benign breast disease, alcohol consumption, type of menopause, and ages at menarche and menopause. Results: During 1,388,368 person-years of follow-up among postmenopausal women, invasive breast cancer was diagnosed among 1,554 women who had never used HRT, 459 past users of E+P and 527 past users of E alone. Regardless of duration of use, past use of E alone was not associated with breast cancer risk. Although past use of E+P for less than 10 years was not associated with breast cancer risk (RR (95% CI) 1.01 (0.88–1.17) for < 5 years and 0.95 (0.74–1.21) for 5–9.9 years), past use of E+P for greater than 10 years was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (RR 1.53 (1.09–2.16) for 10–14.9 years and 1.48 (0.87–2.51) for 15 or more years). Results were similar regardless of time since last use, although power was limited for this subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Past use of E+P for greater than 10 years was associated with a persistent elevation in breast cancer risk. The relationship between duration of past use and breast cancer risk did not appear linear, but suggested a possible threshold effect. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandar Tin Tin ◽  
Gillian K. Reeves ◽  
Timothy J. Key
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Some endogenous hormones have been associated with breast cancer risk, but the nature of these relationships is not fully understood. Methods UK Biobank was used. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum collected in 2006–2010, and in a repeat subsample (N ~ 5000) in 2012–13. Incident cancers were identified through data linkage. Cox regression models were used, and hazard ratios (HRs) corrected for regression dilution bias. Results Among 30,565 pre-menopausal and 133,294 post-menopausal women, 527 and 2,997, respectively, were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Cancer risk was positively associated with testosterone in post-menopausal women (HR per 0.5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23) but not in pre-menopausal women (pheterogeneity = 0.03), and with IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) (HR per 5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 1.02, 1.35 (pre-menopausal) and 1.07; 1.01, 1.12 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.2), and inversely associated with SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) (HR per 30 nmol/L increment: 0.96; 0.79, 1.15 (pre-menopausal) and 0.89; 0.84, 0.94 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.4). Oestradiol, assessed only in pre-menopausal women, was not associated with risk, but there were study limitations for this hormone. Conclusions This study confirms associations of testosterone, IGF-1 and SHBG with breast cancer risk, with heterogeneity by menopausal status for testosterone.

scholarly journals Relation of Quantitative Histologic and Radiologic Breast Tissue Composition Metrics with Invasive Breast Cancer Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Abubakar ◽  
Shaoqi Fan ◽  
Erin Aiello Bowles ◽  
Lea Widemann ◽  
Máire A Duggan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factor ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Tissue Composition

Abstract Background Benign breast disease (BBD) is a strong breast cancer risk factor but identifying patients that might develop invasive breast cancer remains a challenge. Methods By applying machine-learning to digitized H&E-stained biopsies and computer-assisted thresholding to mammograms obtained circa BBD diagnosis, we generated quantitative tissue composition metrics and determined their association with future invasive breast cancer diagnosis. Archival breast biopsies and mammograms were obtained for women (18-86 years of age) in a case-control study, nested within a cohort of 15,395 BBD patients from Kaiser Permanente Northwest (1970-2012), followed through mid-2015. Cases (n = 514) who developed incident invasive breast cancer and controls (n = 514) were matched on BBD diagnosis age and plan membership duration. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Increasing epithelial area on the BBD biopsy was associated with increasing breast cancer risk (Odds ratio [OR]Q4 vs Q1=1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-3.04; Ptrend=0.02). Conversely, increasing stroma was associated with decreased risk in non-proliferative, but not proliferative, BBD (Pheterogeneity=0.002). Increasing epithelium-to-stroma proportion [ORQ4 vs Q1=2.06, 95% CI = 1.28-3.33; Ptrend=0.002) and percent mammographic density (MBD) (ORQ4 vs Q1=2.20, 95% CI = 1.20-4.03; Ptrend=0.01) were independently and strongly predictive of increased breast cancer risk. In combination, women with high epithelium-to-stroma proportion/high MBD had substantially higher risk than those with low epithelium-to-stroma proportion/low MBD [OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.27-4.06; Ptrend=0.005), particularly among women with non-proliferative (Ptrend=0.01) versus proliferative (Ptrend=0.33) BBD. Conclusion Among BBD patients, increasing epithelium-to-stroma proportion on BBD biopsies and percent MBD at BBD diagnosis were independently and jointly associated with increasing breast cancer risk. These findings were particularly striking for women with non-proliferative disease (comprising approximately 70% of all BBD patients), for whom relevant predictive biomarkers are lacking.

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