299 DEPTH-WISE ANALYSIS OF SUBCHONDRAL BONE PROPERTIES: IMPLICATIONS IN OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE REPAIR

Background The contribution of the subchondral bone in the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) has long been recognized, but its role in cartilage repair procedures has only recently attracted more attention. Purpose To explore the correlation between the cartilage repair tissue (RT) and the subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) in the knee joint. Material and Methods A total of 30 patients who underwent MACI in the knee from January 2015 to June 2018 and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan were recruited in this study. The MRI results of cartilage RT were evaluated using T2* relaxation time. Subchondral BMLs were also qualitatively evaluated by use of the two-dimensional proton density-weighted fat-suppressed (2D-PD-FS) and three-dimensional dual-echo steady-state (3D-DESS) sequences. Results The univariate analysis displayed a significant negative correlation between subchondral BMLs and cartilage RT ( P < 0.01). In the minimally adjusted model (only age, sex, and body mass index [BMI] adjusted), the results did not show obvious changes (β = –6.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –10.99 to –2.09; P = 0.008). After adjustment for the full models (age, sex, BMI, defect size, combined injury, and preoperative duration of symptoms adjusted), the connection was also detected (β = –6.66, 95% CI –11.82 to –1.50; P = 0.019). Conclusion After MACI, the subchondral BMLs are significantly correlated with cartilage RT-T2* relaxation time. The role of subchondral bone in cartilage repair procedures should not be underestimated.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Enhancement of the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and cartilage repair by ghrelin.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.734864919.793555866 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ming Pei

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Cartilage Repair ◽

Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽

And Cartilage

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Gene Therapy to Enhance Bone and Cartilage Repair in Orthopaedic Surgery

Current Gene Therapy ◽

10.2174/1566523218666180410152842 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 154-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sofia Bougioukli ◽

Christopher H. Evans ◽

Ram K. Alluri ◽

Steven C. Ghivizzani ◽

Jay R. Lieberman

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Cartilage Repair ◽

Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

And Cartilage

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Injectable hydrogels for bone and cartilage repair

Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1088/1748-6041/7/2/024105 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 024105 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Ashley A Amini ◽

Lakshmi S Nair

Keyword(s):

Cartilage Repair ◽

Injectable Hydrogels ◽

And Cartilage

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Tissue Fluid Triggered Enzyme Polymerization for Ultrafast Gelation and Cartilage Repair

Angewandte Chemie ◽

10.1002/ange.202107789 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qi Zhang ◽

Huaxing Xu ◽

Chu Wu ◽

Yinghui Shang ◽

Qing Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cartilage Repair ◽

Tissue Fluid ◽

And Cartilage

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Ultrapurified Alginate Gel Containing Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Enhances Cartilage and Bone Regeneration on Osteochondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/03635465211014186 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652110141

Author(s):

Liang Xu ◽

Atsushi Urita ◽

Tomohiro Onodera ◽

Ryosuke Hishimura ◽

Takayuki Nonoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Cartilage Repair ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Marrow Aspirate ◽

Defect Group ◽

The Other ◽

Osteochondral Defects

Background: Ultrapurified alginate (UPAL) gel implantation has been demonstrated as effective in cartilage repair for osteochondral defects; however, cell transplantation within UPAL gels would be required to treat larger defects. Hypothesis: The combination of UPAL gel and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) would enhance cartilage repair and subchondral bone repair for large osteochondral defects. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 104 osteochondral defects (1 defect per knee) of 52 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups (26 defects per group): defects without any treatment (Defect group), defects treated using UPAL gel alone (UPAL group), defects treated using UPAL gel containing allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (UPAL-MSC group), and defects treated using UPAL gel containing BMAC (UPAL-BMAC group). At 4 and 16 weeks postoperatively, macroscopic and histologic evaluations and measurements of repaired subchondral bone volumes of reparative tissues were performed. Collagen orientation and mechanical properties of the reparative tissue were assessed at 16 weeks. Results: The defects in the UPAL-BMAC group were repaired with hyaline-like cartilage with well-organized collagen structures. The histologic scores at 4 weeks were significantly higher in the UPAL-BMAC group (16.9 ± 2.0) than in the Defect group (4.7 ± 1.9; P < .05), the UPAL group (10.0 ± 3.3; P < .05), and the UPAL-MSC group (12.2 ± 2.9; P < .05). At 16 weeks, the score in the UPAL-BMAC group (24.4 ± 1.7) was significantly higher than those in the Defect group (9.0 ± 3.7; P < .05), the UPAL group (14.2 ± 3.9; P < .05), and the UPAL-MSC group (16.3 ± 3.6; P < .05). At 4 and 16 weeks, the macroscopic evaluations were significantly superior in the UPAL-BMAC group compared with the other groups, and the values of repaired subchondral bone volumes in the UPAL-BMAC group were significantly higher than those in the Defect and UPAL groups. The mechanical properties of the reparative tissues were significantly better in the UPAL-BMAC group than in the other groups. Conclusion: The implantation of UPAL gel containing BMAC-enhanced hyaline-like cartilage repair and subchondral bone repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit knee model. Clinical Relevance: These data support the potential clinical application of 1-step treatment for large osteochondral defects using biomaterial implantation with cell transplantation.

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Metabolic Syndrome Predisposes to Osteoarthritis: Lessons from Model System

Cartilage ◽

10.1177/1947603520980161 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 194760352098016

Author(s):

Sampath Samuel Joshua Pragasam ◽

Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan

Keyword(s):

Subchondral Bone ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Articular Chondrocytes ◽

Bone Cyst ◽

Primary Cultures ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Tnf Α ◽

And Cartilage

Objective The present study aims to assess for temporal changes in tibial subchondral bone and cartilage in WNIN/Gr-Ob rats (portraying obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension) in comparison with Wistar controls (WNIN) using anthropometry, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence. Design Body weight, abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI), lean/fat mass, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured (ELISA), followed by ultrastructural analysis of tibial subchondral bone (micro-CT) and cartilage architecture (histopathology and SEM) in WNIN/Gr-Ob and WNIN rats with age (3, 6 and 9 months). Additionally, primary cultures of articular chondrocytes isolated from 6-month-old WNIN/Gr-Ob and WNIN rats were assessed for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and Collagen type II (COL2A1) by immunofluorescence. Results WNIN/Gr-Ob rats exhibited frank obesity with increased BMI, lean and fat mass vis-à-vis significantly higher levels of serum TNF-α (6>9>3 months) as compared with the controls. With an increase in BMI, WNIN/Gr-Ob rats presented with tibial cartilage fibrillation, erosion, osteophyte formation (6 months) and subchondral bone cyst (9 months) confirmed by histology and SEM. An increase in subchondral trabecular bone volume (sclerosis with decreased plate porosity) was observed in all ages in WNIN/Gr-Ob rats compared to their Control. Gaining insights, primary cultures of articular chondrocytes complemented with altered cellular expressions of COL2A1 and MMP-13 from WNIN/Gr-Ob rats, indicating osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Conclusion Multiple metabolic perturbations featured in WNIN/Gr-Ob rats were effective to induce spontaneous OA-like degenerative changes affecting knee joints akin to human OA.

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