The impact of recent judgements on the presentation of DNA evidence

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Lambert ◽  
I.W. Evett
Keyword(s):  
Dna Evidence ◽  
The Impact

5. DNA profiling and databases

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Jim Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Great Confidence ◽  
The Impact

‘DNA profiling and databases’ looks at the biological basis of DNA profiling and how DNA is analysed and interpreted in different case types. It first explains the structure of DNA and the process of extraction and purification of the DNA. The analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of DNA evidence are then discussed along with the use of DNA databases in the investigation of crime. The impact of DNA profiling has been immense because it can eliminate or identify an individual from minute traces with great confidence. However, the ultimate meaning of any DNA evidence depends not only on the experts, but those who are called to adjudicate the evidence of a case as a whole.

Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2241 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ALEXANDER PYRON ◽  
FRANK T. BURBRINK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lampropeltis Getula

We present a systematic revision of the Lampropeltis getula group, based on a recent range-wide phylogeographic analysis. We define our theoretical and operational concepts of species delimitation, and provide diagnoses based on mitochondrial DNA evidence, ecological niche modeling, morphology, and historical precedence. We find support for the recognition of five distinct species, which bear the name of the nominate subspecies found primarily within the range of each phylogeographic lineage: the Eastern lineage (Lampropeltis getula, Eastern Kingsnake), the Mississippi lineage (L. nigra, Black Kingsnake), the Central lineage (L. holbrooki, Speckled Kingsnake), the Desert lineage (L. splendida, Desert Kingsnake), and the Western lineage (L. californiae, California Kingsnake). Interestingly, all of these taxa had originally been described as distinct species and recognized as such for up to 101 years (in the case of L. californiae) before being demoted to subspecies. We discuss the impact that increasingly detailed genetic information from phylogeographic analyses may have on traditional taxonomy.

The CSI Effect and the impact of DNA evidence on mock jurors and jury deliberations

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnel A. Klentz ◽  
Georgia M. Winters ◽  
Jason E. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Csi Effect ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Jury Deliberations ◽  
The Impact

Exonerating DNA Evidence in Overturned Convictions: Analysis of Data Obtained From the National Registry of Exonerations

2021 ◽  
pp. 088740342110333
Author(s):  
Mark Saber ◽  
Brooke Nodeland ◽  
Robert Wall
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wrongful Conviction ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, advances in DNA testing technology have been coupled with DNA exonerations. In response, increasing public and empirical attention have been given to the experiences of those wrongfully convicted by the criminal justice system. Several jurisdictions have created Conviction Integrity Units (CIUs) to review convictions of primarily violent defendants for wrongful conviction. However, empirical examination of the impact of CIUs and other factors predicting DNA exoneration remains limited. This study uses data from the National Registry of Exonerations to examine the impact of CIUs, location of conviction, and other factors that make exonerations more likely to feature DNA evidence. Findings suggest that offense type, year of conviction, and gender are significant predictors of DNA exoneration. Policy implications are also discussed.

The Impact of DNA Evidence in a Child Sexual Assault Trial

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Golding ◽  
Terri L. Stewart ◽  
John A. Yozwiak ◽  
Yas Djadali ◽  
Rebecca Polley Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Child Sexual Assault ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Universal forensic DNA databases: Balancing the costs and benefits

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Marcus Smith
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the potential costs and benefits from the implementation of a universal forensic DNA database in Australia. In particular, it considers the impact that a database of this type would have on current issues associated with the use of DNA evidence in criminal investigation and prosecution, along with the relevant individual rights considerations. The article discusses the potential impact such a database would have on privacy rights, and balances these impacts against possible benefits, such as making investigations more targeted and efficient. The development of a database of this type is also discussed in light of the development of DNA and other biometric databases in Australia and other jurisdictions around the world.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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