Universal forensic DNA databases: Balancing the costs and benefits

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Marcus Smith
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the potential costs and benefits from the implementation of a universal forensic DNA database in Australia. In particular, it considers the impact that a database of this type would have on current issues associated with the use of DNA evidence in criminal investigation and prosecution, along with the relevant individual rights considerations. The article discusses the potential impact such a database would have on privacy rights, and balances these impacts against possible benefits, such as making investigations more targeted and efficient. The development of a database of this type is also discussed in light of the development of DNA and other biometric databases in Australia and other jurisdictions around the world.

The impact of the Prüm treaty on the Portuguese forensic DNA database—A brief review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 745-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brito ◽  
A.M. Bento ◽  
N. Gouveia ◽  
L. Sampaio ◽  
F. Balsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
The Impact

TOWARD ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF ADVERTISEMENT BILLBOARDS ON SOCCER TELECAST VIEWERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 241-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIO DAS ◽  
SHAMIK SURAL ◽  
ARUN K. MAJUMDAR
Keyword(s):  
World Cup ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Set Membership ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Level Analysis

Important soccer tournaments like the World Cup and the European Cup are broadcast to billions of people across the world. Therefore, advertising through billboards surrounding the playing arena in a soccer match is very attractive for promoting the brand image of a company. Analysis of strength and weakness of such an advertisement is helpful for the sponsors since a lot of money is spent on it and due to its potential impact on a large number of viewers at the same time. In this paper, we present a two-stage fuzzy system for analyzing the visual impact of advertisement billboards in soccer telecasts. In the first stage, visual impact of each shot is evaluated. Two parameters, namely, size and duration, of the billboards are considered in the fuzzy rules. After the shot level analysis, results are combined in the second stage to derive an overall visual impact. In both the stages, parameters of the fuzzy set membership functions are tuned using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The results have been compared against a user survey.

scholarly journals The Viral Zoonotic Diseases from bats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 20876-20880
Author(s):  
Sheen Job ◽  
Megha Sharma ◽  
Dr Mahendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Bats are known reservoirs of virulent zoonotic pathogens not known to experience disease. They are known as nature’s pest controllers which are insectivorous and pollinators which are frugivorous in their nature. In the entire ecosystem bats play a vital role in various ways to sustain the diversity at its best. However, recent events have cast great aspersions on the bat behavior and the potential impact it has on Public Health not just in a specified region but  globally. The impact has been devastating and disastrous. The recent COVID 19 pandemic spell, opened the eyes of the scientific community, economists and even governments to work together. A host of issues were brought to light, as to how viral pathogenicity has played havoc with such virulence in the world community.  Numerous studies proved beyond doubt bats act as natural reservoirs for a large number of emerging and re emerging pathogens that other animals and humans can contract. It would be surprising to know that these viruses  are also listed in the bioterrorism list of pathogens. Such diversity shows that the bats are well adapted to the effects of virulent pathogens within their internal milieu. The first report of transmission of a bat virus to human was reported in 1960, it was the Rabies virus belonging to the Lyssa virus genus. SARS, Ebola, Nipah have already proven to be virulent and lethal.(1)   AIM To ascertain the viral dynamics in bats that lead to rapid transmission and infectivity in humans Objectives To understand the characteristics that bats possess, to host virulent pathogens To outline the mechanisms in bats in causing rapid transmission to humans

Optimal Economic Speed and the Impact on Marine GHG Emissions – Saving Money and the World at the Same Time

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. St. Amand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Accuracy Improvement ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Speed Optimization ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Technical Input ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to provide shipping companies a straightforward tool for assessing the attractiveness of implementing a speed optimization program for their vessels. The curves and analyses provided are not meant to be absolutely accurate but rather to provide a “reasonable” level of accuracy for identifying the potential impact on profitability of a speed optimization program. The author has endeavored to highlight areas where additional technical input or accuracy improvement is appropriate for final decision-making and implementation.

The Position of Forensic DNA Database in Criminal Investigation: Understanding the Utilization in Africa, Particularly Nigeria a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Biological Evidence ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Google Search

Forensic DNA databases constitute a central investigative resource in modern-day criminal justice systems, and agrees to a “conservation of resources”, by expediting the resolution of crime and judicial proceedings via consolidating the evidence or introducing plea bargaining. Quite a number of reports have demonstrated the efficiency of the DNA database in assisting criminal investigation around the world. However, studies are still lacking in Africa, particularly Nigeria on the utilization of DNA database in crime investigation. Therefore, this article provides a first-hand report. In conducting this study, a comprehensive electronic literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Google search for similar and related works were used, and all works meeting the subject matter were considered, including; reviews, meta-analyses, retrospective studies, observational studies, organization recommendations, and original articles. Remarkably, the peculiarity of the various forms of crime committed in Nigeria tends to involve or leave behind biological evidence at the scene of a crime. This biological evidence is a key sample for DNA profiling and subsequent storage in a forensic DNA database. Therefore, a National DNA Database has become very necessary in Nigeria.

Beyond the Cold Hit: Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank on Public Safety at the City and County Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gabriel ◽  
Cherisse Boland ◽  
Cydne Holt
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
County Level ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Criminalistics laboratories routinely provide cold hits in police investigations by comparing DNA profiles from crime scenes to offenders residing in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). Forensic DNA analysis is often glamorized in popular culture, where the perpetrators are identified and crimes solved within a single television episode. In reality forensic DNA hits can identify perpetrators of violent offenses, link multiple crimes committed by the same individual, or exclude suspects and exonerate the falsely accused. Unlike the media portrayals, downstream activities after a DNA identification or cold hit are often more complex. While the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cites a national Data Bank of more than 7.2 million DNA profiles and 94,000 identifications nationwide, an in-depth analysis of public safety improvements made with CODIS is currently unavailable to forensic practitioners and public policy analysts. A review of case resolutions for 198 DNA database hits in San Francisco created performance metrics to provide a concrete measure of the effectiveness of DNA databasing efforts at the city and county level.

Shifting Spatialities of Citizenship

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-252
Author(s):  
Jo Shaw
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
National Level ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the phenomenon of the shifting spatialities of citizenship. It studies the impact on ideas of constitutional citizenship of the dispersion of citizenship statuses and rights across vertical and horizontal axes. Under the influence of factors such as mobility and migration, the instability of state boundaries, subnational claims and movements, supranational/international institutions, including courts, such as the EU and the Council of Europe and cognates elsewhere in the world and a body of international law that addresses many issues of citizenship and rights, the chapter explores a scheme of fragmented citizenship governance. This raises new challenges, for example, in relation to the legitimacy of how international law impacts upon domestic constitutions. It cannot simply be assumed that the concerns with global justice and individual rights that stem from those international law sources which pertain to citizenship will in fact map comfortably onto citizenship in a constitutional context at the national level.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID -19 PANDEMIC ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Md. Shahbub Alam ◽  
Md. Jafor Ali ◽  
Abul Bashar Bhuiyan ◽  
Mohammad Solaiman ◽  
Mohammad Abdur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Since the outburst of Covid-19 in China, the world economy is passing in a turmoil situation. Undeniably the economy of Bangladesh is also grappled by the severe public health crisis of the Covid-19. As the public health emergency is heavily interconnected with economic affairs, it has impacted each of the pillars of the economy of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to make evaluations of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of Bangladesh.  This study is based on an empirical review of the recent study works, reports, working papers of home, and abroad regarding economic crisis. The review findings of the paper revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic have significant impacts on the different indicators of the economy of Bangladesh especially, Readymade Garments Sector, Foreign Remittance, Bank and Financial Institutions, Food and Agricultures, Local Trade, Foreign Trade (Export and Import), GDP (Gross Domestic Product), SDGs (Sustainable Development Goal), Government Revenue and Employment etc. This study suggested that as Covid-19 still surfacing all over the world so some steps should be ensured by the government agencies of Bangladesh to mitigate possible threats for the economy.

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