P4-18 Event-related potentials in attentional control during vigilance task with ordinary and reverse stimulus sequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. S124-S125
Author(s):  
S. Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Fear not! Anxiety biases attentional enhancement of threat without impairing working memory filtering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Salahub ◽  
Stephen Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Filtering Efficiency ◽  
Memory Resources

Individuals with anxiety have attentional biases toward threat-related distractors. This deficit in attentional control has been shown to impact visual working memory (VWM) filtering efficiency, as anxious individuals inappropriately store threatening distractors in VWM. It remains unclear, however, whether this mis-allocation of memory resources is due to inappropriate attentional enhancement of threatening distractors, or to a failure in suppression. Here, we used a systematically lateralized VWM task with fearful and neutral faces to examine event-related potentials related to attentional selection (N2pc), suppression (PD), and working memory maintenance (CDA). We found that state anxiety correlated with attentional enhancement of threat-related distractors, such that more anxious individuals had larger N2pc amplitudes toward fearful distractors than neutral distractors. However, there was no correlation between anxiety and memory storage of fearful distractors (CDA). These findings demonstrate that anxiety biases attention toward fearful distractors, but that this bias does not always guarantee increased memory storage of threat-related distractors.

scholarly journals Sustaining attention for a prolonged period of time increases temporal variability in cortical responses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon C. Reteig ◽  
Ruud L. van den Brink ◽  
Sam Prinssen ◽  
Michael X Cohen ◽  
Heleen A. Slagter
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractOur ability to stay focused is limited: prolonged performance of a task typically results in mental fatigue and decrements in performance over time. This so-called vigilance decrement has been attributed to depletion of attentional resources, though other factors such as reductions in motivation likely also play a role. In this study, we examined three EEG markers of attentional control, to elucidate which stage of attentional processing is most affected by time-on-task and motivation. To elicit the vigilance decrement, participants performed a sustained attention task for 80 minutes without breaks. After 60 minutes, participants were motivated by an unexpected monetary incentive to increase performance in the final 20 minutes. We found that task performance and self-reported motivation declined rapidly, reaching a stable levels well before the motivation manipulation was introduced. Thereafter, motivation increased back up to the initial level, and remained there for the final 20 minutes. While task performance also increased, it did not return to the initial level, and fell to the lowest level overall during the final 10 minutes. This pattern of performance changes was mirrored by the trial-to-trial consistency of the phase of theta (3–7 Hz) oscillations, an index of the variability in timing of the neural response to the stimulus. As task performance decreased, temporal variability increased, suggesting that attentional stability is crucial for sustained attention performance. The effects of attention on our two other EEG measures—early P1/N1 event-related potentials and pre-stimulus alpha (9–14 Hz) power—did not change with time-on-task or motivation. In sum, these findings show that the vigilance decrement is accompanied by a decline in only some facets of attentional control, which cannot be fully brought back online by increases in motivation. The vigilance decrement might thus not occur due to a single cause, but is likely multifactorial in origin.

Effects of bromazepam on single-trial event-related potentials in a visual vigilance task

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. van Leeuwen ◽  
M. N. Verbaten ◽  
H. S. Koelega ◽  
J. L. Kenemans ◽  
J. L. Slangen
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Evidence for Endogenous Control of Attention in Switching between Languages in Overt Picture Naming

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1832-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. W. Verhoef ◽  
Ardi Roelofs ◽  
Dorothee J. Chwilla
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Picture Stimuli ◽  
Anterior Negativity ◽  
Naming Latencies

Language switching in bilingual speakers requires attentional control to select the appropriate language, for example, in picture naming. Previous language-switch studies used the color of pictures to indicate the required language thereby confounding endogenous and exogenous control. To investigate endogenous language control, our language cues preceded picture stimuli by 750 msec. Cue-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured while Dutch–English bilingual speakers overtly named pictures. The response language on consecutive trials could be the same (repeat trials) or different (switch trials). Naming latencies were longer on switch than on repeat trials, independent of the response language. Cue-locked ERPs showed an early posterior negativity for switch compared to repeat trials for L2 but not for L1, and a late anterior negativity for switch compared to repeat trials for both languages. The early switch–repeat effect might reflect disengaging from the nontarget native language, whereas the late switch–repeat effect reflects engaging in the target language. Implications for models of bilingual word production are discussed.

An Electrophysiological Investigation of Preparatory Attentional Control in a Spatial Stroop Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Stern ◽  
Jennifer A. Mangels
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Preparatory Attention ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Spatial Stroop

Top-down attentional control is required when subjects must attend to one of multiple conflicting stimulus features, such as in the Stroop task. Performance may be improved when such control is implemented in advance of stimulus presentation, yet few studies have examined this issue. Our investigation employed a spatial Stroop task with a manual response, allowing us to focus on the effects of preparatory attention on verbal processing when it is the less automatic attribute. A letter cue (P or W) presented for 2200 msec instructed subjects to respond on the basis of the position or meaning of a word (up, down, left, right) placed in an incongruent position relative to center. Event-related potentials recorded during pre- and poststimulus periods were analyzed as a function of reaction time to the target stimulus (fast vs. slow) in order to differentiate neural activity associated with more or less successful implementation of control. During the prestimulus period, fast responses to subsequent targets were associated with enhanced slow-wave activity over right frontal and bilateral central-parietal regions. During the poststimulus period, fast word trials were uniquely associated with an enhanced inferior temporal negativity (ITN) from 200 to 600 msec. More importantly, a correlation between frontal prestimulus activity and the poststimulus ITN suggested that frontal preparatory activity played a role in facilitating conceptual processing of the verbal stimulus when it arrived, providing an important link between preparatory attention and mechanisms that improve performance in the face of conflict.

scholarly journals Modulation of Event-related Potentials of Visual Discrimination by Meditation Training and Sustained Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Zanesco ◽  
Brandon G. King ◽  
Chivon Powers ◽  
Rosanna De Meo ◽  
Kezia Wineberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Perceptual Discrimination ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Discrimination Capacity

The ability to discriminate among goal-relevant stimuli tends to diminish when detections must be made continuously over time. Previously, we reported that intensive training in shamatha (focused-attention) meditation can improve perceptual discrimination of difficult-to-detect visual stimuli [MacLean, K. A., Ferrer, E., Aichele, S. R., Bridwell, D. A., Zanesco, A. P., Jacobs, T. L., et al. Intensive meditation training improves perceptual discrimination and sustained attention. Psychological Science, 21, 829–839, 2010]. Here we extend these findings to examine how discrimination difficulty and meditation training interact to modulate event-related potentials of attention and perceptual processing during vigilance. Training and wait-list participants completed a continuous performance task at the beginning, middle, and end of two 3-month meditation interventions. In the first intervention (Retreat 1), the continuous performance task target was adjusted across assessments to match training-related changes in participants' perceptual capacity. In the second intervention (Retreat 2), the target was held constant across training, irrespective of changes in discrimination capacity. No training effects were observed in Retreat 1, whereas Retreat 2 was associated with changes in the onset of early sensory signals and an attenuation of within-task decrements at early latencies. In addition, changes at later stimulus processing stages were directly correlated with improvements in perceptual threshold across the second intervention. Overall, these findings demonstrate that improvements in perceptual discrimination can modulate electrophysiological markers of perceptual processing and attentional control during sustained attention, but likely only under conditions where an individual's discrimination capacity is allowed to exceed the demand imposed by the difficulty of a visual target. These results contribute to basic understanding of the dependence of perceptual processing and attentional control to contextual demands and their susceptibility to directed mental training.

scholarly journals Attentional bias to smoking and other motivationally relevant cues is affected by nicotine exposure and dose expectancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D Robinson ◽  
Francesco Versace ◽  
Jeffery M Engelmann ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
David G Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Affective Cues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Balanced Placebo Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Design

We investigated the effects of acute nicotine dose and expected dose on attentional bias (AB) to smoking and affective cues in overnight nicotine-deprived smokers ( n=51; 24 women) using a balanced placebo design, which counterbalanced given nicotine dose (Given-NIC vs. Given-DENIC) with instructed nicotine dose expectancy (Told-NIC vs. Told-DENIC). Before and after smoking a study cigarette, smokers completed a vigilance task where they pressed buttons to every third consecutive even or odd digit, while ignoring intermittent smoking, pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral picture distracters. We examined the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) components of the event-related potentials (ERPs) to the distracters, reaction time (RT) to the target digits, and ratings of the study cigarettes. The EPN was sensitive to both given and instructed nicotine dose, while the instructed dose moderated the impact of given dose for the LPP. The RT metrics were sensitive to given but not to instructed dose. The effects of given dose on ratings following cigarette smoking (e.g. enjoyment) were moderated by the instructed dose. The ERP findings suggest that the anticipated effects of nicotine improve attention much like receiving actual nicotine.

Beyond the Vigilance End-Spurt with Event-Related Potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1258-1262
Author(s):  
Megan B. Morris ◽  
Ashley R. Haubert ◽  
Glenn Gunzelmann
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Environment ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

As task environments become more automated and operators become more passive monitors, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of the vigilance decrement to help inform task development and interventions. Some vigilance studies have reported an end-spurt effect, where performance increases at the end of the task. This is commonly purported to be the result of increased resources from motivation or arousal; however, self-regulation of attentional resources throughout the vigil has not been addressed. To provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the vigilance decrement, we utilize event-related potentials to examine the vigilance decrement beyond the end-spurt. Thirty-two individuals aged 18 – 36 ( M = 22.60; SD = 4.08) completed a vigilance task with an unknown end time while EEG data was collected. Results revealed non-monotonic trends in N1 and P3 components, suggesting that individuals might self-regulate resources during the vigil, adapting to the constraints of the task environment.

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