Chapter 8 New directions: Assessing the real impact of CO2 emissions trading by the aviation industry

Author(s):  
David S. Lee ◽  
Robert Sausen
2013 ◽  
pp. 2164-2175
Author(s):  
Fakhreddine Ababsa ◽  
Iman Maissa Zendjebil ◽  
Jean-Yves Didier

The concept of Mixed Reality (MR) aims at completing our perception of the real world, by adding fictitious elements that are not perceptible naturally such as: computer generated images, virtual objects, texts, symbols, graphics, sounds, smells, et cetera. One of the major challenges for efficient Mixed Reality system is to ensure the spatiotemporal coherence of the augmented scene between the virtual and the real objects. The quality of the Real/Virtual registration depends mainly on the accuracy of the 3D camera pose estimation. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview on the recent multi-sensor fusion approaches used in Mixed Reality systems for the 3D camera tracking. We describe the main sensors used in those approaches and we detail the issues surrounding their use (calibration process, fusion strategies, etc.). We include the description of some Mixed Reality techniques developed these last years and which use multi-sensor technology. Finally, we highlight new directions and open problems in this research field.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Ringbom

AbstractInternational law questions linked to a potential future European Union ‘emission trading scheme’ for shipping are addressed. If such a scheme were to be introduced (which is not yet clear), and if it were designed to cover emissions that have occurred beyond the territorial waters of the Member States or even in other States’ maritime zones (which, in that case, seems likely), it would evoke interesting questions of principle relating to the jurisdiction of States to impose requirements on foreign ships for matters which take place beyond their territory. Different approaches to the question are discussed, starting from the law of the sea, but also including a brief review of other potentially relevant branches of international law. It is concluded that international law does not necessarily prevent the establishment of such a scheme, but places a number of important limitations on its design.


2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Roman Sobiecki

Repeated crises reveal the shortcomings not only of methods of business management and economic policy, but also the non-compliance of economic theory with the real processes that take place in the world economy, and the requirements of the growth of general pros-perity. The essay deals with reflections concerning the causes of the weaknesses of economic sciences and new directions of their development.


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