Socio-economic inequality as a key challenge of our modernity

The article is devoted to the study of the causes, essence and social consequences of socio-economic inequality in the modern world. On the basis of an economic-sociological approach, the author investigates the evolution of this phenomenon from the beginning of the implementation of neoliberal reforms to the present. The article proves that the key reason for the intensification of the polarization of income and wealth in recent decades has been the fundamental transformations of the sphere of labor and employment, as well as other economic and political measures implemented within the framework of introducing the principles of neoliberalism into economic practice. The declining share of the labor income within the national income, the blurring of the link between productivity and wage growth, the dismantling of the welfare state and weakening trade unions are the result of the neoliberalization of the global economic system and key drivers of income and wealth differentiation and our modernity of labor inequality.The article focuses on the study of inequality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the current COVID-crisis. The author comes to the conclusion that the growth of inequality and other social problems as a result of the pandemic was determined mainly by the socio-economic policies of the states of the pre-pandemic period. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a social x-ray that revealed to the worlds population the real state of modern social institutions.

Local barriers in the efficient use of Green Public Procurement - case of Slovaki

Green public procurement is a voluntary tool through which public procurers can contribute to the objectives of environmental policy. The legal framework and public policy of green procurement is covered by the European Union. The main goal is to contribute to the consideration of environmental characteristics in public purchases as well as environmental management and the life-cycle costs of the goods, services and work. However, the objectives of the legal framework and the policy to promote green public procurement are often not achieved due to the barriers posed by economic practice. The aim of the article is to analyze the local barriers in the effective use of green public procurement in Slovakia. The processing of results is based on the annual evaluation reports to the National Action Plan for Green Public Procurement in Slovakia for 2016-2020. Identified local barriers include financial constraints on contracting authorities and a preference for evaluating contracts based on the lowest price criterion, insufficiently built administrative (personal) capacity to implement green public procurement, fear of discrimination in incorporating environmental criteria into tender documents and subsequent sanctions from control bodies. Last but not least, the voluntary application of green public procurement at regional and local level is also included among the barriers in the efficient use of this tool in practice.

Methods for Indexing the Income of the Population with an Increase in Consumer Prices

The article deals with the formation of money income of the population, changes in the formation of consumer goods and needs for them, including under the influence of pricing, the structural volumes of goods offered for sale with different consumer properties and values. The problem of dynamics and the level of growth in prices for consumer goods is considered from the standpoint of disclosing the relationship between the emerging incomes of the population, inflation, methods of indexation and compensatory regulation. The formation of the incomes of the population of Russia is characterized not only by an insufficiency in relation to existing needs, but also by many contradictions that restrain their correspondence with the goals of improving welfare. At the same time, the need to identify the changes in trends and patterns taking place in the economy and social practice becomes a condition for the possible improvement of the tasks being solved not only in increasing the income of the population, but also in regulating them in consumption and efficiency of use. In practice and in research results, the lack of a systematic nature of the tasks being solved is recorded (generalized) both in price regulation and in the indexation of income in guaranteed rates corresponding to the dynamics of real inflation indicators, its level positions, which are taken into account not only in the emerging wages in monetary form, but also in various benefits that are paid by the state. The solution of these problems requires further detailed scientific research of the processes actually occurring in economic practice with the use of methods for indexing the income of the population with an increase in consumer prices. The supply of consumer goods on the market, which does not have a profitable orientation towards their purchases, in our opinion, will always exacerbate the problem of choosing methods of price regulation, both on the part of the state and commodity producers.

Speaking of business ethics: Bourdieu and market morality as a discursive practice

While communication of business ethics has increased in importance, it is often understood as being more of immaterial than material value. However, recent studies have demonstrated that language and communication can have important social consequences, changing institutional logics and daily practices in economic fields. This conceptual paper explores how sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice can help us understand how market morality as a discursive practice for value formation is subject not only to linguistic exchange but also market positioning and economic value. The paper offers an inter-disciplinary view of business ethics in combination with socio-linguistics, contributing with propositions for how moral language serves as a currency for business ethics, providing implications for future studies of business ethics as a socio-economic practice.

Business management and methods of predictive financial analysis companies

The focus of this presented work is the application of one-dimensional discriminant analysis in specific conditions of economic practice. The research sample of the enterprises has shown, that even these methods can better warn against nearing bankruptcy by predicting whether business will or will not be sustainable. Generally, these discriminant analyses use the financial ratios methods. The future situation of an enterprise can be predicted, among other things, by means of one-dimensional and multidimensional discriminant analysis methods, which are dealt with by several authors. Given the different approaches of authors, one-dimensional discriminant analysis methods that are "older" can be assumed to have a different reliability than multidimensional discriminant analysis methods. The assumptions of our research were verified in a group consisting of prosperous and non-prosperous business entities. The results of the original research show that one-dimensional discriminatory methods had a higher reliability than the multidimensional ones on the sample of enterprises surveyed. At the same time, it has not been established that a 100% reliable method will be found, but it is good to know the assumptions on which these existing methods work and use a combination of multiple methods.

Is Economic Theory, Presented in Basic Academic Textbooks, Applicable to the Digital Economy?

With the aim of improving modern methods for educating economists, the authors in this paper impose the following topics: What do we want to teach students, and do we teach them the right things? How transformative are our fundamental textbook bases to offer the new knowledge that the digital economy imposes? Bearing in mind previous questions, the aim of this paper is to highlight the gap that exists between economic theory and economic practice in terms of insufficient theoretical scope of the digital economy (DE) and its study, and DE’s increasing participation in global practice as an economy based on innovation and new technologies. In the analysis, the authors concentrate on two levels: (1) they analyse the specifics of DE and in that context, they evaluate the applicability of traditional economic theory; (2) they review the representation of DE in university textbooks. Based on the results, the authors conclude that DE possesses specific attributes, and it is necessary to include these as mandatory lessons in university textbooks on the level of basic studies. They suggest some areas for which economic theory should be better explained and supplemented in future research (proposing appropriate guidelines for future efforts in theoretical work). Moreover, through a systematic literature review, the authors approach 90 basic university textbooks in economics and by analysing their content, they prove that DE is not sufficiently represented in them. The results of the paper suggest that economics textbooks, and thus the curricula of basic studies, should be supplemented with chapters on the digital economy, which will affect the modernization and adequacy of theory with practice.

Integration as a way to strengthen the competitive advantages of corporations

The formation, functioning and development of organisations in the conditions of modern realities focuses on the search for the most constructive and effective directions of their development, contributing to the strengthening of competitive advantages. In this direction, as a rule, measures are implemented aimed at adapting to the external and internal conditions of further development. Often, the activities implemented at the micro environment level are focused on cost optimisation, and at the macro environment level, the main attention is paid to strengthening the stability of inter-corporate relations. One of the modern approaches in this direction, which is quite common in economic practice, is the integration process aimed at obtaining a synergetic effect as an additional resource that contributes to strengthening the competitiveness of corporate structures in market conditions. In turn, integration processes determine the need to develop a systematic approach to management not only in the format of a specific corporate structure, but in general, in the format of an economic system consisting of several economic entities interconnected with each other. The purpose of this study is to systematise the management processes of corporate structures that are interconnected by the conditions of mutually beneficial cooperation.

THE URGENCY OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY (CBDC) IMPLEMENTATION; MAQĀSHĪD SYARĪ’AH PERSPECTIVE

This study examines the urgency of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) with a maqashid Syariah perspective. The challenges of digital transactions have forced people to use cryptocurrencies without the use of asset assignments so that they have a big risk, this makes them illegal, while electronic money has not answered the challenges of digital transactions. The methodology used in writing this article is a descriptive qualitative method with a normative approach to analysis on maslahah and mafsadah contained in Maqashid sharia. The data used by the author is secondary data. The results of the study can be concluded that the implementation of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) will provide more maslahah than mafsadah, while cryptocurrencies are currently widely traded freely by the Muslim community in general even though they are considered haram and illegal. This shows that the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has the urgency of its use in the economic practice of Muslims in general, with the same form but eliminating the bad elements contained in cryptocurrency, enforcing Islamic sharia, and saving the economy of the Muslim community according to Maqashid. sharia

Training of qualified professional personnel in the context of artificial intelligence development

The purpose of this research was to substantiate the prospects of retraining programs for citizens in the context of artificial intelligence development. The main methods of studying the problem were a review of the international experience of retraining programs for citizens in the context of artificial intelligence development and an assessment of the possibilities of its adaptation to Russian economic practice. Arguments have been presented that convince the need to develop programs for retraining citizens in the context of artificial intelligence development to improve the level and quality of life of the population. The article summarizes the international experience in the development of retraining programs for citizens in the context of artificial intelligence development.

A MANAGER AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION IN A TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT – THEORETICAL STUDY

The most important resource is the human resource, which is the basis of the organization's existence. As part of the human resource, from the point of view of the management process, a manager is distinguished, who is the person responsible for making decisions in the organization. The manager, together with his subordinates, develops the organization in the prescribed direction. The environment, manager and subordinates constitute an inseparable system of shaping the flexibility of an organization in a turbulent environment. The aim of the study is to present the manager's influence on the development of the organization in a turbulent environment. The study was based on a study of the literature on the subject and is theoretical in nature. This study may be useful not only for scientific considerations but also for the world of economic practice.