Penile length, circumference dimensions and somotometry in a large study in young italian men

We tested the hypothesis that second-trimester exposure to influenza is a risk factor for schizophrenia in the child. The dates of birth of Dutch schizophrenic in-patients were examined for any effect of the 1957 A2 influenza epidemic. Individuals who were in their second trimester of foetal life at the peak of the epidemic were at no greater risk of developing schizophrenia than controls. As the present study has a larger sample size than all previous European studies, and is supported by a large study in the USA, it provides strong evidence against the hypothesis that second-trimester exposure to influenza is a risk factor for schizophrenia.

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A large study of 826 patients confirms the safety and effectiveness of doxycycline monohydrate 40 mg capsules for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jaad.2010.09.033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. AB3

Keyword(s):

Large Study

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Reproductive hormone concentrations and associated anatomical responses: does soy formula affect minipuberty in boys?

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab354 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helen B Chin ◽

Andrea Kelly ◽

Margaret A Adgent ◽

Stacy A Patchel ◽

Kerry James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Feeding ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Reproductive Hormone ◽

Penile Length ◽

High Exposure ◽

Vaginal Cytology

Abstract Context Soy formula feeding is common in infancy and is a source of high exposure to phytoestrogens, documented to influence vaginal cytology in female infants. Its influence on minipuberty in males has not been established. Objective To assess the association between infant feeding practice and longitudinally measured reproductive hormones and hormone-responsive tissues in infant boys. Design The Infant Feeding and Early Development study was a prospective cohort of maternal-infant dyads requiring exclusive soy formula, cow-milk formula, or breastmilk feeding during study follow-up. Reproductive hormone concentrations and male anatomical measurements were longitudinally assessed from birth to 28 weeks. Setting Clinic-based cohort Participants 147 mother-infant boy pairs Interventions not applicable Main outcome measure Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations, stretched penile length, anogenital distance, and testis volume. Results Median serum testosterone was at pubertal levels at 2 weeks [176 ng/dL (quartiles:124, 232)] and remained in this range until 12 weeks, in all feeding groups. We did not observe differences in trajectories of hormone concentrations or anatomical measures between boys fed soy formula (n=55) and boys fed cow-milk formula (n=54). Compared with breastfed boys (n=38), soy-formula-fed boys had a more rapid increase in penile length (p=0.004) and slower initial lengthening of AGD (p=0.03), but no differences in hormone trajectories. Conclusions Reproductive hormone concentrations and anatomical responses followed similar trajectories in soy and cow-milk formula-fed infant boys. Our findings suggest that these measures of early male reproductive development do not respond to phytoestrogen exposure during infancy.

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Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2021-0189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Álvaro López-Soto ◽

Mar Bueno-González ◽

Maribel Urbano-Reyes ◽

Javier Garví-Morcillo ◽

José Luis Meseguer-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Normative Data ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Penile Length ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Term Newborns ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Methodological Aspects ◽

A Current

Abstract Background Micropenis is an endocrinological condition that is habitually observed at birth. Diagnosis is made by measuring the stretched penile length, a method established 80 years ago. Discrepancies in the normative data from recent studies raise the need for a current revision of the methodology. Objectives The aims of this systematic review were to compare the different normative data of SPL at birth, to examine the methodological aspects of the technique and to evaluate the independent variables that may be involved. Methods Searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scielo, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A combination of the relevant medical terms, keywords and word variants for “stretched penile length”, “penile length”, “penile size”, “newborn” and “birth” were used. Eligibility criteria included normative studies that used the stretched penile length (SPL) measurement on a population of healthy, full-term newborns during the first month of life. The outcomes studied included characteristics of the studies, methodological aspects and independent variables. Results We identified 49 studies comprising 21,399 children. Significant discrepancies are observed between the different studies. Methodological aspects seem to be consistent and similar. The main independent variables appear to be ethnic group and gestational age. Main limitations were the absence of studies of entire world regions such as Europe or South America, and the heterogeneity of the ethnic background that complicates the analysis. Conclusions It seems advisable to suggest the creation of customized reference charts for each specific population instead of resorting to the classic cut-off points.

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