reproductive hormones
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2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaman ◽  
N. Roohi ◽  
M. Irfan

Abstract Livestock is a fundamental part of the agriculture industry in Pakistan and contributes more than 11.53% to GDP. Among livestock species, the buffaloes are regarded as the black gold of Pakistan. Being the highest milk producers globally, Nili-Ravi buffaloes are the most famous ones. Buffaloes are affected by many endemic diseases, and "Hemorrhagic septicemia" (HS) is one of them. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of experimental exposure ofP. multocida B:2 (oral) and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous) on reproductive hormonal profiles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Repeated serum samples were collected from the jugular vein of experimental animals for 21 days (0, 02, 04, 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 264, 360, 456 and 504 hours). Hormonal assays to determine the serum concentrations of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) were performed using (MyBioSource) commercial Elisa kits. The hormonal profile of all treatment groups of the buffalo heifers exhibited significant (P<0.05) variations as compared to the control group (G-1). These results indicate suppression in Nili-Ravi buffaloes' reproductive hormonal profile on exposure to P. multocida B:2 and its immunogens. This influence warrants that exposure to H.S may be a possible reason for delayed puberty and poor reproduction performance in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.


2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Kontsevaya ◽  
A. M. Nefedov ◽  
V. I. Lutsay ◽  
S. I. Lavrov ◽  
D. A. Pekurovsky

Relevance. The structure of the hoof of cows is a complex biological mechanism consisting of the hoof joint, hoof bone, finger pad, sole, hoof wall, etc. According to V.A. Lukyanovsky (1982), hooves are an additional heart of the animal, since when the hoof hits the ground, the blood actively rises, which allows to create auxiliary pressure in the blood vessels, facilitating the work of the heart muscle. When this system is violated, pathologies of the cardiovascular system often develop. The appearance of foci of the pathological process in different parts of the hoof will not only disrupt the work of the heart, but also cause discomfort, pain, and most importantly — lameness, which will be the driving force in a significant decrease in the productivity of cattle.Methods. Scientists identify three main signs of developing lameness in an animal. The first is the position of the back when walking, normally the back should be smooth and straight, while with the onset of lameness, the animal will carefully rearrange the limb, thereby straining the dorsal muscles, after which a bend in the back will be observed. The second sign is a short step, since with pain syndrome, the animal tries to minimize the load on the diseased limb. The third sign will be the obvious protection of the diseased limb, as a result of which the animal will completely cease to rely on the limb, both when walking and when standing.Results. A systematic approach will allow us to present a mathematical model of a healthy animal and of lame one. Thus, the following pattern can be identified: In order to receive nutrients together with the feed, the cow must reach the feeder, therefore, depending on the degree of lameness, there is a decrease in the consumption of dry matter, up to 15%. Based on this, it can be calculated that with a lack of nutrients and energy, there will be a decrease in milk yield of up to 36%. Which, according to P.I. Nikanorov and I.M. Kasyanov, will lead to a loss of up to 300 kg of milk for the entire lactation period. It was found that in the presence of overgrown and deformed hooves, the daily milk yield of cows is reduced by 5–12%, and with the appearance of cracks in the fragments of the horny capsule — by 19–20%. Also, the birth of a calf is required to obtain milk, and the presence of lameness will negatively affect the production of reproductive hormones, lead to the appearance of “quiet” hunting, which in turn will indirectly lead to a loss of milk productivity.


Medicine ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e28361
Author(s):  
Tongyun Qi ◽  
Xueqing Wang ◽  
Yizhou Huang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Linjuan Ma ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
V.O. Dynnik ◽  
O.O. Dynnik ◽  
A.Y. Druzhynina

Research objective: to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency to identify its association with reproductive hormones in adolescent girls with oligomenorrhea.Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the results of clinical and instrumental examination of 68 adolescent girls 12–18 years old with oligomenorrhea, who were treated at the Department of Pediatric Gynecology of the State Institution “Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the NAMS of Ukraine”. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the body mass index (BMI): group I – with a body weight deficit (BMI 16.31 ± 0.18 kg/m2), group II – with a BMI within physiological norm (20.0 ± 0.25 kg/m2). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination: luteinizing, follicle-stimulating hormones, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, 25(OH)D were determined in blood serum. Multivariate regression analysis was using for analyze the association of gonаdotropic, steroid hormones with vitamin D. The main characteristics of the object discrimination model are presented in the form of tables.Results. The article provides a comparative analysis of the hormonal profile and vitamin D level depending on BMI. It was revealed that a reduced 25(OH)D value was characteristic not only in patients with menstrual dysfunction, but also in peers with normal menstrual function. Schemes that characterize the pituitary-gonadal association with vitamin D were constructed based on the results of multiple regression analysis. Their features were determined in girls with different body weights. In patients with low energy resources there were direct associations between individual indicators of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone), steroid hormones (estradiol, cortisol) and vitamin D. An inverse association was observed between vitamin D and cortisol and prolactin in girls with balanced energy status.Conclusions. The reduced content of vitamin D is characteristically for patients with menstrual dysfunctions by the type of oligomenorrhea. Associations of gonadotropic, steroid hormones and vitamin D, depending on the energy status (nutrition) of patients with oligomenorrhea were revealed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Omar H Azeez

Aspartame (ASP) is a sugar substitute. Its use rose because it has been demonstrated to have deleterious effects after being metabolized. In the presence of antioxidant vitamins C or E, the effects of ASP on reproductive hormones of adult male and female Albino Wister rats were investigated. A total of eighty male and female rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1, received no treatment; group 2, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW; group 3, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW with vitamin C at 150 mg/kg BW; and group 4, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at 100 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally by gavage needle once daily for consecutive 90 days. The levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone hormone (TH) were measured after 90 days in blood plasma. In comparison with the control group, ASP treatment resulted in lower levels of E2, FSH, and LH in male and female rats. When the antioxidants vitamin C or E was given, the effects of ASP were reversed, and the levels of E2, LH, and FSH were increased. The testosterone hormone was likewise significantly increased by ASP, but testosterone hormone concentrations were decreased by vitamin C or E treatments. Long-term ASP consumption caused interfering with testicular and ovarian hormonal activity, while vitamins C and E on the other hand, overcome longstanding consumption ASP's effects.


Author(s):  
Emma K McIlwraith ◽  
Ningtong Zhang ◽  
Denise D Belsham

Abstract The phoenixin (PNX) peptide is linked to the control of reproduction, food intake, stress and inflammation. However, little is known about what regulates its gene and protein expression, information that is critical to understand the physiological role of PNX. In this review, we summarize what is known about the transcriptional control of Pnx and its receptor Gpr173. A main function of PNX is as a positive regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, but there is a lack of research on its control by reproductive hormones and peptides. PNX is also associated with food intake and its expression is linked to feeding status, fatty acids, and glucose. It is influenced by environmental and hormonal-induced stress. The regulation of Pnx in most contexts remains an enigma, in part due to conflicting and negative results. An extensive analysis of the response of the Pnx gene to factors related to reproduction, metabolism, stress and inflammation is required. Analysis of the Pnx promoter and epigenetic regulation must be considered to understand how this level of control contributes to its pleiotropic effects. PNX is now linked to a broad range of functions, but more research on its gene regulation is required to understand its place in overall physiology and therapeutic potential.


Author(s):  
Yasemin Düzçeker ◽  
Melis Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan ◽  
Sinem Akgül ◽  
Rıza Köksal Özgül ◽  
Nuray Kanbur ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat, AR (CAG)n, polymorphism is thought to have an effect on male reproductive functions and a relationship between long AR (CAG)n and decreased androgenic activity has been shown. Therefore, we hypothesized that in adolescents with long AR CAG repeat the prevalence of pubertal gynecomastia (PG) will be higher and we aimed to investigate the association between AR (CAG)n polymorphism and PG in Turkish adolescents. Methods Adolescents with PG between 11 and 19 years of age were enrolled as the study group and healthy individuals without a history of PG, who were at least 14 years of age and Tanner 4 or 5 were enrolled as the control group. The AR (CAG)n length was detected by direct DNA sequencing analysis and reproductive hormones were measured by standardized analyses. Results The mean AR (CAG)n was 22.3 ± 2.6 (mean ± SD) in the PG group (n=101) and 21.9 ± 3.1 (mean ± SD) in the control group (n=88) (p=0.276). The adolescents with short AR (CAG)n had lower body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) compared to the adolescents with intermediate and long repeat numbers (p=0.029). Conclusions The results of this study showed a lack of direct association between AR (CAG)n and PG. However, the significant relationship between the AR (CAG)n quartiles and BMI SDS suggests that long AR (CAG)n might cause PG indirectly. Further studies are needed to better clarify this relationship.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Zhou ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
ShuGuang Zhang ◽  
XiaoYan Zheng ◽  
...  

Abstract Background:Ovulation disorders (ODs) are major cause of infertility. Many clinical studies have shown that acupuncture is potentially useful in the treatment of ODs. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different acupuncture therapies through systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: A comprehensive literature search until June 2021 will be carried out in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Net, EBSCO, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP database, and China biomedical database (CBM). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the eligibility criteria based on PICO elements will be included. The main outcomes will be ovulation rate, pregnancy rate and changes in female reproductive hormones. The secondary outcome will be the prevalence of adverse events directly related to acupuncture. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool (RoB 2.0) will be used to evaluate the quality of the selected literature. Stata, Aggregate Data Drug Information System (ADDIS)and BUGS will be used to manage the data. Discussion: The results of this study can provide evidence to the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for ODs. However, large-scale, case-control studies with rigorous designs are required to provide even more accurate evidence.Systematic review registration: This agreement has been registered in INPLASY(https://inplasy.com/),the registration ID is INPLASY202160078.


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