Snow Goose and the Milk Run

Case Study: Maximizing Business Performance by Optimizing Supply Chain Of LNG-C Distribution of 9 Gas Power Plants with A Capacity of 780 MW in Eastern Indonesia

Proc. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Digital Technical Conference, 2020 ◽

10.29118/ipa20-se-421 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. D. Wara

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Business Performance ◽

Power Plants ◽

Total Power ◽

First Year ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Transport Costs ◽

Logistics Optimization ◽

The Government ◽

Milk Run

The Government of Indonesia plans to build 9 gas power plants in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Southeast Nusa Tenggara with a total power capacity of 780 MW with an estimated actual gas demand of 46.56 MMSCFD which are planned to be supplied by the Bontang terminal, DS-LNG, Masela LNG, and Tangguh LNG. LNG-C logistics optimization is needed to get the best transportation scenario regarding the eastern region which consists of scattered islands and inadequate infrastructure. This study analyzes and evaluates the best-case scenarios by comparing the time and cost variables. The process of planning the supply chain starts from determining the upstream-downstream distribution scheme and then calculates the shipping distance which results in the determination of the quantity, capacity and shipping of the LNG-C. Based on the analysis and calculation of the logistics, it is concluded that there are 3 divisions of clusters of Kalimantan-Sulawesi, NTT and NTB having estimated needs in a row of 18.06, 18.8, and 9.7 MMSCFD with the Milk-Run transportation method. Logistics optimization results show that scenario 1 has an efficiency value of 87% with an LNG-C transport capacity of 0.35 MMSCF, a roundtrip cruise time of 8.6 days and the number of shipments is 36 / year. The detailed analysis of costs in scenario A is 1-2 USD / MMBTU for the milk and run transportation method, 1.49-1.73 USD / MBTU for LNG-C transport costs, and regasification costs which are 1.0-3.7 USD / MMBTU. Based on the above results it can be calculated that the price of gas in the first year of implementation was 13.4 USD / MMBTU, so the total value below this supply chain was Rp.8,812,876,800.00. Therefore, this idea was created as a solution for the initial steps for the utilization of the domestic natural gas distribution

Download Full-text

Snow Goose (Anser caerulescens)

10.2173/bow.snogoo.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas B. Mowbray ◽

Fred Cooke ◽

Barbara Ganter

Keyword(s):

Snow Goose ◽

Anser Caerulescens

Download Full-text

Temporal Changes in Habitat Selection and Nest Spacing in a Colony of Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/100.2.335 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 335-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Robert McLandress

Keyword(s):

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Average Distance ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

Nearest Neighbors ◽

Nest Density ◽

Snow Goose ◽

Snow Geese ◽

Lesser Snow Geese ◽

Average Size ◽

Island Habitats

Abstract I studied the nesting colony of Ross' Geese (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens) at Karrak Lake in the central Arctic of Canada in the summer of 1976. Related studies indicated that this colony had grown from 18,000 birds in 1966-1968 to 54,500 birds in 1976. In 1976, geese nested on islands that were used in the late 1960's and on an island and mainland sites that were previously unoccupied. Average nest density in 1976 was three-fold greater than in the late 1960's. Consequently, the average distance to nearest neighbors of Ross' Geese in 1976 was half the average distance determined 10 yr earlier. The mean clutch size of Ross' Geese was greater in island habitats where nest densities were high than in less populated island or mainland habitats. The average size of Snow Goose clutches did not differ significantly among island habitats but was larger at island than at mainland sites. Large clutches were most likely attributable to older and/or earlier nesting females. Habitat preferences apparently differed between species. Small clutches presumably indicated that young geese nested in areas where nest densities were low. The establishment of mainland nesting at Karrak Lake probably began with young Snow Geese using peripheral areas of the colony. Young Ross' Geese nested in sparsely populated habitats on islands to a greater extent than did Snow Geese. Ross' Geese also nested on the mainland but in lower densities than Ross' Geese nesting in similar island habitats. Successful nests with the larger clutches had closer conspecific neighbors than did successful nests with smaller clutches. The species composition of nearest neighbors changed significantly with distance from Snow Goose nests but not Ross' Goose nests. Nesting success was not affected by the species of nearest neighbor, however. Because they have complementary antipredator adaptations, Ross' and Snow geese may benefit by nesting together.

Download Full-text