1120. Sir Christopher Wren to Newton, 30 November 1714

1976 ◽  
pp. 193-193
Keyword(s):  
Christopher Wren

I.—The Complete Building Accounts of the City Churches (Parochial) designed by Sir Christopher Wren

Archaeologia ◽  
1915 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 1-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Short Paper ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
Building Set ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
The City

Bound up with other additional matter in the heirloom copy of Wren's Parentalia, on which I read a short paper on the 17th June, 1909;, is an engraving by Hulsbergh. It is an emblematical design of a pyramid dotted with medallions, on each of which is written the name of a Wren building and a reference number. At the sides are two tables giving the costs of each building, set out to the uttermost farthing. No doubt many students of Wren have wondered, as I did, where Hulsbergh got these detailed figures, and by good fortune I have found their source in Bodley's Library, Oxford.

In Memoriam: Sir Christopher Wren, 1632-1723

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Alfred Mansfield Brooks
Keyword(s):  
In Memoriam ◽  
Christopher Wren

scholarly journals CHRISTOPHER WREN: EL DIBUJANTE DEL POLÍGONO DE WILLIS. Cristopher Wren: the artist of the circle of Willis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Historical Note ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Original Drawings

El polígono vascular de la base del cerebro lleva como epónimo el apellido de quien lo describiera de forma detallada en 1664: Thomas Willis. Christopher Wren fue quien realizó los dibujos que inmortalizaron la descripción original de esta estructura anatómica. Wren fue un importante hombre de ciencias londi-nense que vivió entre 1632 y 1723. Fue arquitecto de profesión, pero se desempeñó también en las matemáticas y la astronomía. En el presente artículo se analiza una breve biografía de Wren. The arterial circle of the brain is called “circle of Willis” in honor to the man who described it in 1664: Thomas Willis. Christopher Wren (1632-1723), was a renewed architect, who made the original drawings of the book of Willis. In this short historical note, we made a bibliographical sketch of Christopher Wren.

The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1972 - Carbohydrate transport by micro-organisms

1973 ◽  
Vol 183 (1071) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
Economic Well Being

It is 295 years almost to the day since the existence of micro-organisms was confirmed at a meeting of this Society. The minutes of that meeting of 15 November 1677 record Mr Hooke ̓s success in eliciting the appearance, in a suspension of black pepper in rainwater, of ̒. . . great numbers of exceedingly small animals swimming to and fro. They appeared of the bigness of a mite through a glass, that magnified about an hundred thousand times in bulk; and consequently it was judged, that they were near an hundred thousand times less than a mite.̓ Since some doubts had been expressed at previous meetings, the minute firmly concludes that ̒. . . there could be no fallacy in the appearance. They were seen by Mr Henshaw, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Hoskyns, Sir Jonas Moore, Dr Mapletoft, Mr. Hill, Dr. Croune, Dr. Grew, Mr. Aubrey, and divers others; so that there was no longer any doubt of Mr. Leewenhoeck ̓s discovery ̓. (Birch 1757.) It is not my purpose here to comment on the importance of that discovery to our physical and economic well-being, nor to describe the manner in which studies with micro-organisms have revealed much of the molecular basis of the events that enable cells to maintain and accurately to reproduce themselves. These topics have formed the subjects of previous lectures in honour of Leeuwenhoek ̓s memory. I wish to discuss a topic that, as far as I am aware, has been only touched on, once before (Gale 1957), yet that concerns the indispensable first step in the utilization of all food materials. I refer to the highly specific mechanisms that enable such food materials to enter microbial cells, and the means that regulate the operation of such systems. It is a measure of the rapidity at which biological information accrues, as well as an explanation of why a topic of such fundamental importance appears to have been neglected, that most of our still far-from-complete understanding in this area has been achieved within the past five years, and all of it since, in the first Leeuwenhoek Lecture (Fildes 1951) delivered exactly 22 years ago today, Sir Paul Fildes discussed ̒. . . the development of events which has made it convenient to foster a new branch of biology under the title Microbiology ̓.

A Victorian Wrenaissance: Historical Narrative at St. Paul's Cathedral

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-422
Author(s):  
Dory Agazarian
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
Liberal Individualism

The condition of St. Paul's Cathedral was central to concerns about the perception of London over the course of the nineteenth century. Designed by Sir Christopher Wren, it faced public criticism from the start. Unlike gothic Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's was an eclectic amalgam of gothic and neoclassical architecture; its interior was never finished. Efforts to decorate were boxed in by the strictures of Victorian architectural revivalism. This is the story of how academic historiography resolved a problem that aesthetic and architectural theory could not. Throughout the century, cathedral administrators sought to improve the cathedral by borrowing tools from historians with varying success. In the 1870s, a solution emerged when historians reinvented the Italian Renaissance as a symbol of liberal individualism. Their revisionist Renaissance provided an alternative to pure gothic or neoclassical revivalism, able to accommodate Wren's stylistic eclecticism. Scholars have traditionally plotted disputes about St. Paul's within broader architectural debates. Yet I argue that these discussions were framed as much by historical discourse as aesthetics. Turns in Victorian historiography eventually allowed architects to push past the aesthetic limits of the Battle of the Styles. New methods in Victorian historical research were crucial to nineteenth-century experiences of urban space.

Attitudes to Nature

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Karl Barth ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
Christopher Wren

The ambiguity of the word ‘nature’ is so remarkable that I need not remark upon it. Except perhaps to emphasise that this ambiguity — scarcely less apparent, as Aristotle long ago pointed out, in its Greek near-equivalent physis — is by no means a merely accidental product of etymological confusions or conflations: it faithfully reflects the hesitancies, the doubts and the uncertainties, with which men have confronted the world around them. For my special purposes, it is enough to say, I shall be using the word ‘nature’ in one of its narrower senses — so as to include only that which, setting aside the supernatural, is human neither in itself nor in its origins. This is the sense in which neither Sir Christopher Wren nor St Paul's Cathedral forms part of ‘nature’ and it may be hard to decide whether an oddly shaped flint or a landscape where the trees are evenly spaced is or is not ‘natural’. The question I am raising, then, is what our attitudes have been, and ought to be, to nature in this narrow sense of the word, in which it excludes both the human and the artificial. And more narrowly still, I shall be devoting most of my attention to our attitudes towards that part of nature which it lies within man's power to modify and, in particular, towards what Karl Barth calls ‘the strange life of beasts and plants which lies around us’, a life we can by our actions destroy.

Autograph letter of sir Christopher Wren

1898 ◽  
Vol s9-I (3) ◽  
pp. 44-44
Author(s):  
John Hebb
Keyword(s):  
Christopher Wren
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