Religion and ritual from Tylor to Parsons: the definitional problem

2012 ◽  
pp. 13-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Goody
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Debra Castillo

“Theatre,” modified by the adjective “Latina/o”, like any other genre of human expression, is extraordinarily rich. It includes the legacy, and continuing vitality of varied and often conflicting aesthetic projects. This article discusses the vexed definitional problem of what is theater by, about, and for Latinas and Latinos, both in terms of production of plays and the academic study of theater. It provides a historical timeline that focuses on the 1960s to the present, a commentary on play production, an overview of academic discussions, and conclusions drawn from a survey of course syllabi. It uses the examples of Lin Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton and works by the Coatlicue Theater Company to challenge simplistic understandings of what Latina/o theater is and does.


1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Goody
Keyword(s):  

1968 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McA. Kimbrell

The anthropological participants agreed that if there is to be a fruitful dialogue on ritualization between the ethologists and other behavioural scientists it will be necessary to have detailed discussions of examples of empirical work produced by each of them. What is required is a protracted series of meetings between a restricted number of representatives of those disciplines interested in ‘ritualization’ (and anthropologists feel that premature closure on the definitional problem should be avoided) who could examine concrete data on human and animal behaviour that is ‘stereotyped’, ‘regular’, ‘periodic’, ‘repetitive’, ‘patterned’, etc., and in each species relate such behaviour to behaviour that is ‘flexible’, ‘plastic’, ‘labile’, etc. ‘Ritualized’ and ‘non-ritualized’ behaviour should also be investigated in their total situational contexts, ecological, social and, in the case of man, ideological. Synchronic studies of this type should be coupled with developmental and dynamic studies for each life-form discussed. In these ways better communication would be achieved between interested scientists than is possible from the formal interchange of prepared papers. Comparisons could then be made which might eventually contribute to the study of the evolution of behaviour patterns.


Author(s):  
Tracey A. Elliott ◽  
Joan H. Krause

This chapter focuses on healthcare fraud and the range of legal solutions provided to address fraud in the United States and Europe on a federal level. It provides key examples of the range of approaches to healthcare fraud that are adopted within Europe. It also analyzes the manner in which healthcare systems in the United States and Europe are funded and organized, considering that fraud is dynamic and dependent on the mechanisms for funding in the relevant system. This chapter reviews the issue of what qualifies as healthcare fraud, and it considers both the definitional problem and the interplay between the moral and ethical content of fraud and legal definitions of fraudulent conduct. It discusses operational issues in the identification, prevention, and punishment of healthcare fraud in the United States and Europe.


Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ori Z. Soltes

Mieke Bal’s concept of “migratory aesthetics” and the observation by Saloni Mathur and Anne Ring Peterson that “traditional notions of location, origin and authenticity seem obsolete and in urgent need of reconsideration” perfectly encompass the phrase “Jewish art”, and within that difficult-to-define subject, Israeli art (which, among other things, is not always “Jewish”). As Hava Aldouby has noted, Israeli art presents a unique inflection of the global condition of mobility—which in fact contributes to the problem of easily defining the category of “Israeli art”. Nothing could be more appropriate to the discussion of Israeli art, or to the larger definitional problem of “Jewish art” than to explore it through Nicolas Bourriaud’s botanical metaphor of the “radicant”, and thus the notion of “radicant art”. The important distinction that Bourriaud offers between radical and radicant plants—whereby the former type depends upon a central root, deep-seated in a single nourishing soil site, whereas the latter is an “organism that grows its roots and adds new ones as it advances…” with “…a multitude of simultaneous or successive enrootings”—is a condition that may be understood for both Israeli and Jewish art, past and present: Aldouby’s notion that the image of the Wandering Jew offers the archetypal radicant, informs both the “altermodernity” concept and Israeli art.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Howieson

Purpose – Better Health, Better Care Action Plan (Scottish Government, 2007) sets out how the Scottish Government intends to strengthen public ownership of the National Health Service in Scotland. The purpose of this paper is to advance extant knowledge by understanding how a state-led mutual health policy may be interpreted, and importantly, communicated. Design/methodology/approach – The definitional problem of mutuality will be discussed and analysed in terms of how it is (or perhaps should be) communicated? will be offered. Findings – It actually may be more instructive to think of, and communicate, mutuality as a metaphor to aid understanding of the openness and fluidity found in NHS Scotland. Research limitations/implications – The existence of paradox and ambiguity does not, however, negate the usefulness of the term “mutuality”. Quite the opposite in fact: it is precisely by examining healthcare and its delivery through the lens of mutuality (rather than rejecting its complexity as a failure) that this amorphousness can be better appreciated. Practical implications – There is a need for more public, professional, and academic debate to explore and clarify its implementation, and how it is to be led. This must be provided whilst recognising the daily imperatives that NHS leaders must face. This would suggest, therefore, that a dual development path may help. Originality/value – Although Better Health, Better Care Action Plan was published in 2007, some eight years on there is still confusion and misunderstanding as to what mutuality in healthcare is, not only in policy and theory, but also in practice. It is hoped that this analysis will help address, in part, some of this confusion and misunderstanding.


1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Neiman ◽  
Catherine Lovell

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Neil Richards

Privacy issues are everywhere in our society, but we struggle with them in part because we lack a clear definition of privacy on which we can agree. Scholars have struggled to define privacy, but lots of concepts in our law, like “free speech” and “equality,” have been protected without clear agreement on a specific definition. Thus, we need not let our hang-ups about privacy’s definitional problem stop us from talking about it and protecting it. The chapter offers a working definition of privacy for the book as “the extent to which human information is neither known nor used. This definition focuses on (1) information privacy rather than other kinds of privacy; (2) information about humans; (3) the use of information rather than its mere collection; and (4) the importance of thinking about information use as a matter of degree rather than a binary on/off state.


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