Quantum theory of the laser – density operator approach

1997 ◽  
pp. 327-361 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Density Operator ◽  
Operator Approach

Quantum theory of multiwave mixing. II. Operator approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 3124-3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Stenholm ◽  
David A. Holm ◽  
Murray Sargent III
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Operator Approach

Laser theory with natural inclusion of radiation loss: Density-operator approach

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liberato ◽  
B. Baseia
Keyword(s):  
Recent Result ◽  
Density Operator ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Operator Approach ◽  
Transmitted Beam ◽  
Laser Theory ◽  
Natural Inclusion ◽  
Natural Way

A recent result of a previous paper describing the field loss in an optical cavity in a natural way is applied to laser theory. The field loss, due to the transmitted beam light, and the field gain, now attributed to the presence of active atoms but previously attributed to two noninteracting mechanisms, are correctly added to provide the equation of motion for the density operator of the radiation field. The replacement of individual operators, which appear in the conventional treatment, with collective operators is a conceptual difference that emerges from the present approach.

scholarly journals Nonequilibrium density operator approach to domain wall resistivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 012017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichiro Kishine ◽  
A S Ovchinnikov ◽  
I V Proskurin
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Density Operator ◽  
Operator Approach ◽  
Wall Resistivity

Quantum Theory of the Electromagnetic Field

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-204
Author(s):  
Peter W. Milonni
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Density Operator ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Matrix Operator ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Dielectric Media ◽  
Diagonal Representation

The electromagnetic field is quantized for free space and for dispersive dielectric media. Different quantum states of the field (thermal, laser, squeezed) are discussed and their photon-statistical properties derived. The density matrix operator for the field is introduced along with a detailed discussion of the diagonal representation of the field density operator and its properties. Field commutation relations, correlation functions, and uncertainty relations are derived and discussed. Also discussed are the historically important Bohr-Rosenfeld analysis of field commutation and uncertainty relations; energy-time uncertainty relations; simultaneous (Arthurs-Kelly) measurement of non-commuting observables; and complementarity from the perspective of probability amplitudes and probabilities for distinguishable and indistinguishable processes.

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