scholarly journals Time and age trends in morning and evening protein intakes of German children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Roßbach ◽  
Tanja Diederichs ◽  
Christian Herder ◽  
Anette E. Buyken ◽  
Ute Alexy
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Quadratic Trend ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
German Children ◽  
Starchy Foods

AbstractThe present study describes time and age trends in morning and evening protein intakes and sources among German children and adolescents from 1985 to 2014. A total of 9757 three-day weighed dietary records of 1246 3- to 18-year-old participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were analysed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Morning protein intake increased over the study period by approximately 1 % of morning energy intake (linear trend P < 0·0001), with the youngest and the oldest children having the highest protein intake (linear, quadratic trend P < 0·0001). Evening protein intake increased over time by approximately 2 % of evening energy intake in girls (linear trend P < 0·0001) and 1 % of evening energy intake in boys (quadratic trend P = 0·0313), with decreasing intake with age (girls: linear trend P < 0·0001; boys: linear trend P = 0·0963). Time trends were largely due to increases in protein from ‘starchy foods’. In conclusion, morning and evening protein intakes increased modestly between 1985 and 2014; these increases were, however, not accompanied by increases in traditional protein sources (i.e. meat or dairy products).

scholarly journals Time and Age Trends in Free Sugar Intake from Food Groups among Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Perrar ◽  
Alena M. Schadow ◽  
Sarah Schmitting ◽  
Anette E. Buyken ◽  
Ute Alexy
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
German Children

Trend analyses suggest that free sugar (FS) intake—while still exceeding 10%E—has decreased among German children and adolescents since 2005, yet that intakes may shift from sugars naturally occurring in foods to added sugars as children age. Thus, we analysed time and age trends in FS intake (%E) from food groups among 3–18 year-olds (1985–2016) using 10,761 3-day dietary records from 1312 DONALD participants (660 boys, 652 girls) by use of polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Among girls, FS from sugar & sweets decreased from 1985 to 2016 (linear trend p < 0.0001), but not among boys (p > 0.05). In the total sample, FS intake from juices increased until 2000 and decreased since 2005 (linear, quadratic trend p < 0.0001). FS from sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) decreased non-linearly from 1985 to 2016 (girls: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001; boys: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.02). Younger children consumed more FS from juices than older ones, who had a higher FS intake from SSB. FS intake from sugar & sweets increased until early adolescence and decreased afterwards. Since sugar & sweets represent the main source of FS intake and the source with the least pronounced decline in intake, public health measures should focus on these products.

scholarly journals Time and age trends in urinary sugar excretion among German children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Perrar ◽  
Gunter K. Kuhnle ◽  
Thomas Remer ◽  
Anette E. Buyken ◽  
Ute Alexy
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Maternal Overweight

AbstractA high sugar intake is increasingly discussed to affect health. Preceding analyses based on dietary records, collected between 1985–2016, suggest a decreasing time trend in total [TS], added [AS] and free [FS] sugar intake (calculated as % of energy intake [%E]) since 2005 - most notably from 2010 onwards - among children and adolescents in Germany. While TS [%E] intake decreased with age, the youngest children had the lowest AS [%E] intake and the oldest children had the lowest FS [%E] intake, with minor differences in the other age groups. However, self-reported data is likely introducing bias due to selective underreporting, especially of sugar-rich foods, which can distort results. Therefore, we analysed time and age trends in dietary sugar intake using urinary biomarkers.Urinary fructose excretion (FE), sucrose excretion (SE) and the sum of both (FE + SE) as predictive biomarkers for sugar intake was measured by UPLC-MS/MS in 997 24-h urine samples from the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study cohort collected from 8.5–16.5-year-olds (239 boys, 253 girls) between 1990–2016. Time and age trends of log-transformed FE, SE and FE + SE were analyzed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Sex, creatinine and urea excretion, urine volume, total daily energy intake, overweight status, type of weekday, maternal overweight and educational status as well as maternal employment were considered as potentially confounding factors.The mean (± SD) FE was 26.1 ± 20.9 mg/d, SE 33.4 ± 38.3 mg/d, and FE + SE 59.6 ± 49.1 mg/d. While FE increased significantly with age (linear trend: p = 0.0147), there were no significant age trends for SE and FE + SE in adjusted models. Between 1990–2016 FE as well as FE + SE decreased significantly (linear trend: p = 0.0280 and p < 0.0001, respectively). SE showed a tendency towards a negative quadratic time trend (p = 0.0574).The decreasing time trend of urinary sugar excretion supports our previous observed time trends in dietary sugar intake based on dietary records among children and adolescents. In contrast, the observed age trend in dietary sugar was not confirmed by the biomarker trend analysis, suggesting increasing underreporting with age during adolescence. Although predictive biomarkers do not allow conclusions on the amount of the respective dietary intake, the combination of biomarker and dietary record data points towards the need of further public health measures to support the observed decline in sugar intake among children and adolescents in Germany.The project is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture.

scholarly journals Associations between intake of added sugars and intakes of nutrients and food groups in the diets of German children and adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Alexy ◽  
Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Mathilde Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
German Children

The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the effect of intake of added sugars on intakes of nutrients and food groups. We used a mixed linear model (PROC MIXED) to analyse data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study (an ongoing longitudinal cohort study between infancy and adulthood). Between July 1985 and August 2001, 3 d weighed dietary records (n 4993) from 849 children and adolescents (416 male, 433 female) aged 2–18 years were collected and evaluated. Overall mean intake of added sugars was 12·4 (SD 5·3) (median 12·0) % energy. Fat intake (% energy) and intake of all analysed nutrients (as % reference values for nutrient intakes) fell across quintiles 1–5 of energy intake from added sugars (P<0·001). With the exception of ‘Sugary foods’ and ‘Beverages’ (significant increase, P<0·0001) and ‘Dairy’ (NS), intake of all other food groups decreased with increasing intake of added sugars (P<0·0001). In conclusion, we found a slight, but statistically significant, nutrient-dilution effect of added sugars and a significant reduction in intake of important nutrient-bearing food groups. However, the DONALD study gives no clear indicator on grounds of micronutrient dilution for a quantitative limit on intake of added sugars.

Significance of Fortified Beverages in the Long-term Diet of German Children and Adolescents: 15-Year Results of the DONALD Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Mathilde Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
German Children

Fortified beverages and instant drinks are the most frequently consumed fortified products in children and adolescents in Germany. However, little is known about the contribution of these products to micronutrient intake. Between 1986 and 2000, consumption of fortified food (total and the subgroup of fortified beverages) and time trends in energy and micronutrient intake were assessed on the basis of 3 day-weighed dietary records (n = 4358) of males and females between the ages of 2 and 14 years (n = 398/408) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study). As percentage of recent references for micronutrient intake, a significant increase in intake from fortified beverages was observed for calcium (from 1 to 3%), iron (3 to 4%), vitamin A (5 to 15%), and vitamin C (5 to 60%). Significant increases in intakes were only observed from 1995–1997 for vitamin E, folate, and niacin (all 5 to 15–25%), vitamin B1 and B2 (both 10–15 to 25–30%) and vitamin B6 (20 to 55%). Thereafter significant decreases were found. Among the fortified beverages, juice was the most important for micronutrient intake, followed by soft drinks (calcium, vitamin A, E, C, folate, niacin) or by instant beverages (energy, iron, vitamin B1, B2, B6). Significant linear and nonlinear time trends in micronutrient intakes from fortified food and fortified beverages were observed in German children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Two approaches to derive a proposal for added sugars intake for German children and adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Alexy ◽  
Mathilde Kersting ◽  
Verena Schultze-Pawlitschko
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
German Children ◽  
Survey Approach

AbstractObjective:Intake of sugars is restricted in most international food guides. However, in recent recommendations quantified limits of added sugars intake have not been given, although deemed necessary by those who criticised the recommendations.Design:Two approaches to derive a scientifically based quantified limit of added sugars intake for German children and adolescents are suggested. For the first dietary survey approach, 5120 three-day weighed dietary records from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study were used. Added sugars intakes in records of high vs. low dietary quality, measured by a nutrient intake score, were compared. For the second approach, a total dietary concept for German children and adolescents developed and evaluated by the Research Institute of Child Nutrition – the Optimised Mixed Diet – was used.Results:Whereas in the latter dietary concept an added sugars intake of about 6% of energy intake is tolerated, the dietary survey approach resulted in only small differences between high and low dietary quality, with a median added sugars intake of 12% of energy in records with high dietary quality.Conclusions:A reasonable dietary quality is possible within higher ranges of added sugars intake than derived from the dietary concept approach. Therefore we suggest a range of intake of added sugars for German children and adolescents, from 6% to 12% of energy.

scholarly journals Age and time trends of dairy intake among children and adolescents of the DONALD study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hohoff ◽  
Ines Perrar ◽  
Nicole Jancovic ◽  
Ute Alexy
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Quadratic Trend ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy

Abstract Purpose To describe age and time trends in dietary intake of Total Dairy (TD) (g/1000 kcal Total Energy Intake) and types of dairy (weight percent of total dairy intake, w%TD) represented as Low Fat Dairy (LFD), High Sugar Dairy (HSD), Fermented Dairy (FD) and Liquid Dairy (LD) among children and adolescents in Germany. Methods Overall, 10,333 3-day dietary records kept between 1985 and 2019 by 1275 DONALD participants (3.5–18.5 years; boys: 50.8%) were analyzed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Results TD intake decreased with age (♂: linear trend p < 0.0001; ♀: linear and quadratic trend p < 0.0001), whereas FD (♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.02) increased slightly in girls. HSD (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.004; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.005) and LD (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.0002) decreased with age. In terms of time trends, TD intake decreased in the last three decades, especially since 1995 (quadratic trend for ♂ 0.0007 and ♀ p = 0.004). LFD intake increased until 2010 and decreased thereafter (linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001). HSD decreased until 1995, then increased until 2010 and decreased again afterwards (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.001; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.003). While FD intake increased linear (in both ♂ and ♀: p < 0.0001), LD intake decreased (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.03). Conclusion Our results showed changes in dairy consumption patterns among children and adolescents over the past three decades, demonstrating a decrease in TD intake with age and time, and a shift from liquid to solid dairy products with a simultaneous increase in fermented dairy products, while LFD and HSD fluctuated over time. Further evaluations will examine the health significance of these consumption patterns.

scholarly journals Convenience food in the diet of children and adolescents: consumption and composition

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Alexy ◽  
Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Tabea Rode ◽  
Mathilde Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Convenience Food ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
German Children ◽  
Using Data

Despite an increasing trend towards the use of convenience food, there is to date little debate on it in the nutritional sciences. In the present study, we present and evaluate data on consumption frequencies and composition of savoury convenience food in German families using data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study. The DONALD Study is an ongoing, longitudinal (open cohort) study (started 1985), collecting detailed data on diet, development, and metabolism in infants, children and adolescents. Dietary intake was measured by yearly repeated 3 d weighed dietary records (n 1558) in 554 subjects (278 boys; 276 girls), 3–18 years old, between 2003 and 2006. A total of 1345 (86%) 3 d dietary records mentioned consumption of at least one convenience food. Convenience food consumption (percentage of total food intake, g/d) increased with age from approximately 3% in the 3–8 year olds to 7% in 14–18-year-old boys and 5% in 14–18-year-old girls (P < 0·0001) but remained constant during the study period. Convenience foods contributed more to total fat (g/d) (P < 0·001) and less to total carbohydrate (P < 0·0001) than to total energy (kJ/d) intake. The 700 convenience-food products recorded by our sample had on average fourteen ingredients; 4% were flavourings and 16% were food additives. In conclusion, convenience foods were widely consumed by our sample of German children and adolescents and their consumption increased with age. The composition of convenience food was characterised by a high fat content and a high number of flavourings and food additives.

795-P: Effect of Protein Intake (PI) on Postprandial Glycemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 795-P
Author(s):  
DALIA DALLE ◽  
SARINE G. SHAHMIRIAN ◽  
MARYANN O'RIORDAN ◽  
TERESA N. ZIMMERMAN ◽  
JAMIE R. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia

Significant association between a silent polymorphism in the neuromedin B gene and body weight in German children and adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Oeffner ◽  
D. Bornholdt ◽  
A. Ziegler ◽  
A. Hinney ◽  
T. Görg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neuromedin B ◽  
German Children
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