Classification of the Late Cambrian trilobite Idiomesus Raymond

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Ludvigsen ◽  
Stephen R. Westrop
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
New Material ◽  
Cambrian Trilobite

Idiomesus Raymond, 1924 has been considered to be a Late Cambrian member of the blind family Shumardiidae on the basis of its small size, absence of eyes, effacement, and marginal sutures. However, evaluation of new material, including previously undescribed species, demonstrates that Idiomesus is a member of the ptychaspidid subfamily Ptychaspidinae. The genus now includes both sighted and blind species, as well as furrowed and effaced species with both marginal and opisthoparian sutures. New species are Idiomesus granti, I. greggi, and I. ultimus.

A redefinition of the genus Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908, with description of new species (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4926 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-188
Author(s):  
JAVIER FRESNEDA ◽  
VALERIA RIZZO ◽  
JORDI COMAS ◽  
IGNACIO RIBERA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Material

We redefine the genus Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908 based on a phylogenetic analysis with a combination of mitochondrial and molecular data. We recovered the current Speonomites mengeli (Jeannel, 1910) and S. mercedesi (Zariquiey, 1922) as valid, separate species within the Troglocharinus clade, not directly related to Speonomites Jeannel, 1910, a finding corroborated by a detailed study of the male and female genitalia. In consequence, we reinstate Speonomus mercedesi Zariquiey, 1922 stat. nov. as a valid species, transfer both of them to the genus Troglocharinus, T. mengeli (Jeannel, 1910) comb. nov. and T. mercedesi (Zariquiey, 1922) comb. nov., and redescribe the genus. The study of new material from the distribution area of the former S. mengeli revealed the presence of two undescribed species, T. sendrai sp. nov. and T. fadriquei sp. nov., which we describe herein. We designate the lectotype of Speonomus vinyasi Escolà, 1971 to fix its identity, as among its syntypes there are two different species. In agreement with the results of the phylogenetic analyses we establish the synonymy between the genus Speonomites and Pallaresiella Fresneda, 1998 syn. nv. 

Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4615 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
ADRIANA ALVIZU ◽  
JOANA R. XAVIER ◽  
HANS TORE RAPP
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
New Material ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Antarctic

A recent phylogenetic study revealed a close relationship between chiactine-bearing (family Achramorphidae, order Leucosolenida) and pugiole-bearing (order Baerida) calcaronean sponges as well as new putative taxa within Achramorphidae. In this study, we present a revision of chiactine-bearing sponges based on morphological re-examination of type material and recently collected specimens, in addition to new molecular data for the ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S. We provide re-descriptions for all known chiactine-bearing species, and further describe two new species from the Antarctic (Achramorpha antarctica sp. nov. and Megapogon schiaparellii sp. nov.) and two new species and a new genus from the Nordic Seas (Achramorpha ingolfi sp. nov. and Sarsinella karasikensis gen. nov. sp. nov.). The new phylogenetic reconstruction based on ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S confirms previous findings about the close relationship of some members of Baerida and the family Achramorphidae of the order Leucosolenida. However, new material and the addition of molecular data from the type species of both taxa would be required to formally propose changes at (sub-)ordinal levels within the classification of Calcaronean sponges. 

New material of three-dimensionally phosphatized and microscopic cycloneuralians from the Cambrian Paibian Stage of South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhuan Liu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Tiequan Shao ◽  
Huaqiao Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
New Material ◽  
Western Hunan ◽  
Fossil Embryos

AbstractSome rare microscopic cycloneuralians are present in the Cambrian of South China, represented by Eopriapulites and Eokinorhynchus (both early Cambrian), fossil embryos of Markuelia (middle to late Cambrian), and palaeoscolecids (early to late Cambrian). Among them, palaeoscolecids are relatively diverse and abundant. Here, we describe new material of three-dimensionally phosphatized and microscopic cycloneuralians from the Paibian Stage of Wangcun Lagerstätte, western Hunan, South China. New material includes fossil embryos assignable to Markuelia sp., two other types of fossil embryos, and three species of palaeoscolecids, including Dispinoscolex decorus Duan, Dong, and Donoghue, 2012, Schistoscolex hunanensis Duan, Dong, and Donoghue, 2012, and Austroscolex sinensis new species. The palaeoscolecid fragments differ mainly in size and armor of the trunk annuli. Since Eokinorhynchus and Eopriapulites occurred the earliest among the Cambrian cycloneuralians, it is proposed here that: (1) cycloneuralians originated in the Cambrian Fortunian small shelly faunas rather than in the early Cambrian macrobenthos, (2) ancestral cycloneuralians may have simple trunk armor, and (3) Eopriapulites represents an ancestral cycloneuralian.

Parasites (Isopoda: Epicaridea and Nematoda) from ghost and mud shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea) with descriptions of a new genus and a new species of bopyrid isopod and clarification of Pseudione Kossmann, 1881

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4365 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER B. BOYKO ◽  
JASON D. WILLIAMS ◽  
JEFFREY D. SHIELDS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
New Material ◽  
Host Ecology ◽  
Mud Shrimp ◽  
A New Species

Ghost and mud shrimps in Axiidea and Gebiidea are hosts to parasitic epicaridean isopods, including species in Bopyridae and Ionidae. These isopods can reach high prevalence levels on their mud shrimp hosts and may strongly influence host ecology and biology. Currently, 54 species of bopyrids and eight species of ionids are known to parasitize ghost and mud shrimps. We present new taxonomic data on three species of ionids and ten species of bopyrids (nine previously described and one new to science), as well as on an undescribed species of nematode from an axiidean host. New locality and host records are given for all species. Our analysis of new material and review of museum specimens includes the description of the new species Acrobelione halimedae n. sp. from Austinogebia spinfrons (Haswell, 1881). We also provide an improved definition for the genus Pseudione Kossmann, 1881, based on morphological characters found in both sexes, and resolution of the type species, P. callianassae Kossmann, 1881. In our revision of Pseudione we erect a new genus, Robinione, and placed two species therein: R. overstreeti (Adkison & Heard, 1995) and R. brattstroemi (Stuardo, Vega & Cespedes, 1986). In addition, two other species are removed from Pseudione: P. compressa (Shiino, 1964) is moved to Ionella Bonnier, 1900, and P. panopei Pearse, 1947 is considered a synonym of Progebiophilus upogebiae (Hay, 1917). Bopyrid isopods represent a large, diverse taxon and our findings help clarify the taxonomy of those species found on ghost and mud shrimps. 

scholarly journals Onthophagus acernorus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini), a new dung beetle species from Jalisco, Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
VICTOR MOCTEZUMA ◽  
BENJAMÍN HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS SÁNCHEZ-HUERTA ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS NAVARRETE-HEREDIA ◽  
PABLO ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ-RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
New Material

The Onthophagus chevrolati Harold, 1869 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) species complex was recently studied, and a majority of its species were newly described or redescribed (see Moctezuma & Halffter 2020). Onthophagus viridichevrolati Moctezuma & Halffter, 2020 was the only species within the O. chevrolati species complex recognized to occur in the Mexican state of Jalisco (Moctezuma & Halffter 2020). Recently, new material belonging to the O. chevrolati species complex was collected from the maple (Acer; Sapindaceae) forests of Talpa de Allende, Jalisco, Mexico. The examination of these specimens showed that they are morphologically similar to O. chevrolati Harold, 1869 and belong to an undescribed species. In this study, we provide photographs of the habitus (male and female) and male genitalia of O. acernorus   new species; an identification key to separate it from O. chevrolati, and an updated distribution map of the O. chevrolati species complex.  

The Late Cambrian (Marjuman) trilobite genus Hysteropleura Raymond from the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Westrop ◽  
Rolf Ludvigsen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
Substantial Modification ◽  
New Material ◽  
Three New Species

Although known previously from only two specimens from northern Greenland, new material from Marjuman boulders in debris flows of the Cow Head Group of western Newfoundland demonstrate that Verditerrina Robison is a menomoniid trilobite that is closely related to Hysteropleura Raymond. Following a parsimony analysis using the PAUP program, Verditerrina is used at the subgeneric level to label a distinctive monophyletic group within Hysteropleura. Three new species are established for the Newfoundland material: Hysteropleura (Verditerrina) adraini, H. (V.) edgecombei and H. (V.) ramskoldi. All three species undergo substantial modification of the anterior border of the cranidium during holaspid ontogeny. Two of the species, H. (V.) adraini and H. (V.) edgecombei, develop elongate, tongue-like borders that are reminiscent of those of calymenids such as Spathocalymene Tillman.

scholarly journals Taxonomy, distribution and conservation of the Glassfrogs (Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae) of Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F Cisneros-Heredia ◽  
Roy W. McDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
A New Species

The Glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) are an apparently monophyletic group of Neotropical anurans that includes 136 described species. The phylogenetic relationships of the family with other clades are still poorly understood and at the moment the family can be defined only by shared apomorphies. The current generic concepts that recognize Centrolene, Cochranella and Hyalinobatrachium do not seem to reflect the true evolutive relationships of the family. Study of ca. 500 specimens from different localities across Central and South America shows the existence of new undescribed species, taxonomic and nomenclatural confusions, and the need to review and reconsider the intra and intergeneric and specific relationships of the Centrolenidae. We restrict the name Hyalinobatrachium petersi for a taxon from the lowlands of the Ecuadorian Choco and report the first records of Centrolene lemniscatum and Hyalinobatrachum ruedai from Ecuador. The discovery of a new species of the group of Centrolene gorzulai on the eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador raises questions about the synapomorphies assigned to each genus and about the biogeography of the family. New data on internal and external morphology and behavior allow reconsidering the classification of intrageneric groups of Centrolene and Cochranella and re-evaluating the taxonomic usefulness of certain characters (e.g., shape/color of liver, humeral spine, color of bones). Our analysis suggests the need to divide the species of southeastern Brazil into a different genus, restricting Hyalionobatrachium to the fleischmanni group; the situation is still confused for the pulveratum group and conservatively is kept within the genus Hyalinobatrachium until additional morphological and phylogenetic analysis. At least five species of glass frogs of Ecuador are critically endangered; some considerations on the state of conservation of Centrolenidae in the country are presented.

A review of the Dardanus sinistripes (Stimpson, 1859) (Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae) species complex with the description of five new species from the Mexican Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2323 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL AYÓN PARENTE ◽  
MICHEL E. HENDRICKX
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Material

An exhaustive revision of material identified as Dardanus sinistripes (Stimpson, 1859) in collections in Mexico and the USA, and of new material of Dardanus collected in several localities in the Eastern Pacific revealed the existence of five undescribed species closely related to D. sinistripes. Detailed study of this material allows us to redescribe D. sinistripes based on a neotype selected from a locality in Panama, and to describe D. nudus n. sp., D. stimpsoni n. sp., D. janethaigae n. sp., D. pilosus n. sp. and D. magdalenensis n. sp. The six species of the genus Dardanus in the Eastern Pacific are fully illustrated and compared.

scholarly journals Taxonomy, distribution and conservation of the Glassfrogs (Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae) of Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F Cisneros-Heredia ◽  
Roy W. McDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
A New Species

The Glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) are an apparently monophyletic group of Neotropical anurans that includes 136 described species. The phylogenetic relationships of the family with other clades are still poorly understood and at the moment the family can be defined only by shared apomorphies. The current generic concepts that recognize Centrolene, Cochranella and Hyalinobatrachium do not seem to reflect the true evolutive relationships of the family. Study of ca. 500 specimens from different localities across Central and South America shows the existence of new undescribed species, taxonomic and nomenclatural confusions, and the need to review and reconsider the intra and intergeneric and specific relationships of the Centrolenidae. We restrict the name Hyalinobatrachium petersi for a taxon from the lowlands of the Ecuadorian Choco and report the first records of Centrolene lemniscatum and Hyalinobatrachum ruedai from Ecuador. The discovery of a new species of the group of Centrolene gorzulai on the eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador raises questions about the synapomorphies assigned to each genus and about the biogeography of the family. New data on internal and external morphology and behavior allow reconsidering the classification of intrageneric groups of Centrolene and Cochranella and re-evaluating the taxonomic usefulness of certain characters (e.g., shape/color of liver, humeral spine, color of bones). Our analysis suggests the need to divide the species of southeastern Brazil into a different genus, restricting Hyalionobatrachium to the fleischmanni group; the situation is still confused for the pulveratum group and conservatively is kept within the genus Hyalinobatrachium until additional morphological and phylogenetic analysis. At least five species of glass frogs of Ecuador are critically endangered; some considerations on the state of conservation of Centrolenidae in the country are presented.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

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