Evidence of paleoseismic activity recorded in glaciolacustrine sediments predating the Weichselian glacial maximum in East Lithuania

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jonas Satkūnas ◽  
Saulius Šliaupa
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Northern Flank ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Depth Difference ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Weichselian Glaciation ◽  
Southern Flank ◽  
Hypocenter Depth

Abstract Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) were identified in proglacial lacustrine (glaciolacustrine) sediments dated to 25–24 ka in the Buivydžiai outcrop, situated 30 km north of Vilnius in east Lithuania. These sediments accumulated in front of the last Weichselian glaciation maximum. The SSDS originated due to sandy silt liquefaction that disrupted the decimeter-thick silty sand interlayer. A NW-SE trending Buivydžiai fault was mapped in the proximity (8 km) of the Buivydžiai outcrop. The fault is well traced by a dense drilling in the sediments of the preglacial Daumantai Formation in the basal part of the Quaternary cover and attributed to the earliest Pleistocene. Depth difference of the formation along the fault is ~5–8 m; the northern flank is relatively uplifted with respect to the southern flank. The Buivydžiai earthquake was most likely induced by formation of an elastic forebulge flexure of the Earth's crust in front of the ice sheet. The magnitude was evaluated ~M = 6.0–6.5 and was most likely of shallow hypocenter depth. Furthermore, the Bystritsa (Belarus) earthquake of magnitude M = 3.5–4.0 was registered in December 1908 to the east (12 km) of the Buivydžiai outcrop along the Buivydžiai fault, which points to recurrent seismic activity of this fault.

scholarly journals Genesis of Clastic Dykes and Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in the Mamfe Basin, South-West Region, Cameroon: Field Geology Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bokanda Ekoko Eric ◽  
Ekomane Emile ◽  
Eyong John Takem ◽  
Njilah Isaac Konfor ◽  
Ashukem Ethel Nkongho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation ◽  
South West Region

This paper aims to investigate the genesis of clastic dykes and soft-sediment deformation structures in the Mamfe Basin, South West-Region, Cameroon. Results from this study portray the following: (1) The clastic dykes are extrusive and were generated from preexisting soft-sediments that penetrate fissures caused by seismic activity. It can be concluded that clastic dykes originate from seismic shacking, probably induced by volcanic-tectonic activity and magmatic dykes that cut across the Precambrian and Cretaceous formations of the Mamfe Basin. (2) The soft-sediment deformation structures (flexures, sheared foliations, anticlinal folds, load casts, and flame structures) are likely triggered by seismic shocks. The inferred influence of seismic activity results from rifting and rapid subsidence of basin-fill during the Cretaceous. Some of these soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are induced by fluidization and liquefaction triggered by rapid sedimentation within tectonically active settings, as well as density variations illustrated by local occurrence of load casts with weak lateral extensions. (3) The synsedimentary features (joints, faults, filled fractures) are related to local stress triggered by gravitational sliding, because the fractures were filled by unconsolidated clastic materials.

3D soft-sediment deformation structures: evidence for Quaternary seismicity in the Madrid basin, Spain

Terra Nova ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Silva ◽  
J.C. Canaveras ◽  
S. Sanchez-Moral ◽  
J. Lario ◽  
E. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation

Dead Sea shoreline facies with seismically-induced soft-sediment deformation structures, Israel

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bowman ◽  
Dorit Banet-Davidovich ◽  
Hendrik J. Bruins ◽  
Johannes Van der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation

scholarly journals Lacustrine Slope-Related Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in the Cretaceous Gyeokpori Formation, Buan Area, SW Korea, and Volcanism-Induced Seismic Shocks as Their Possible Trigger

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Ukhwan Byun ◽  
A.J. (Tom) van Loon ◽  
Kyoungtae Ko
Keyword(s):  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Cohesive Sediments ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks ◽  
Sediment Layers

The Gyeokpori Formation in the Buan volcanic area primarily contains siliciclastic rocks interbedded with volcanoclastics. These sediments are characterized by a variety of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS). The SSDS in the Gyeokpori Formation are embedded in poorly sorted conglomerates; slump folds are also present in the formation. The deformation mechanisms and triggers causing the deformation are not yet clear. In the present study, the trigger of the SSDS in the Gyeokpori Formation was investigated using facies analysis. This included evaluation of the reworking process of both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments. The analysis indicates that the SSDS are directly or indirectly associated with the alternation of conglomerates and mud layers with clasts. These layers underwent non-cohesive and cohesive deformation, respectively, which promoted SSDS formation. The slump folds were controlled by the extent of cohesive and non-cohesive deformation experienced by the sediment layers in the slope environment. The SSDS deformation style and morphology differ, particularly in the case of reworking by slump activity. This study contributes to the understanding of lacustrine slope-related soft-sediment deformation structures.

scholarly journals MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY INDUCED SOFT-SEDIMENT DEFORMATION STRUCTURES IMAGED BY X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Fractals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850018 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHITO NAKASHIMA ◽  
JUNKO KOMATSUBARA
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multifractal Analysis ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation ◽  
Iron Bearing

Unconsolidated soft sediments deform and mix complexly by seismically induced fluidization. Such geological soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) recorded in boring cores were imaged by X-ray computed tomography (CT), which enables visualization of the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of iron-bearing mineral grains as strong X-ray absorbers in the deformed strata. Multifractal analysis was applied to the two-dimensional (2D) CT images with various degrees of deformation and mixing. The results show that the distribution of the iron-bearing mineral grains is multifractal for less deformed/mixed strata and almost monofractal for fully mixed (i.e. almost homogenized) strata. Computer simulations of deformation of real and synthetic digital images were performed using the egg-beater flow model. The simulations successfully reproduced the transformation from the multifractal spectra into almost monofractal spectra (i.e. almost convergence on a single point) with an increase in deformation/mixing intensity. The present study demonstrates that multifractal analysis coupled with X-ray CT and the mixing flow model is useful to quantify the complexity of seismically induced SSDSs, standing as a novel method for the evaluation of cores for seismic risk assessment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document