scholarly journals Diapause behaviour of Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae), in Bangalore, India

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Jayanth ◽  
Geetha Bali
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Over Time

AbstractZygogramma bicolorata Pallister was introduced for biological control trials against the weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in India. The insect entered diapause over an extended period of time between July and December in Bangalore. Diapausing adults burrowed into the soil, and emerged in May–June with the commencement of monsoon rains. Percentage diapause increased over time, peaking at 72% during November. Non-diapausing adults were capable of breeding, under laboratory conditions, during the winter. Some adults bred both before and after diapause, during two consecutive years. Soil moisture played an important role in providing the conditions for burrowing or emerging from the diapause chambers. The studies also showed that diapausing adults had to be exposed to the high summer temperatures, for termination of the diapause. It was possible to break diapause by continuous exposure to 30°C, 35°C and 40°C for 22 days, nine days and 10 hours, respectively, during February–March, about three months after its inception. This method can be used to initiate mass multiplication for carrying out releases early in the season.

Biology of Bucculatrix parthenica Bradley sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) and its establishment in Australia as a biological control agent for Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. McClay ◽  
R. E. McFadyen ◽  
J. D. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Leaf Miners

AbstractBucculatrix parthenica Bradley sp. n., a moth native to Mexico, is described. It has been released and established in Queensland, Australia, as a biological control agent for its host plant, Parthenium hysterophorus. The moth oviposits on leaves of its host. First and second instar larvae are leaf miners, and later instars feed externally on the leaves. The life cycle occupies about 25 days under field conditions. B. parthenica was narrowly oligophagous in host-specificity tests. In Mexico the insect is scarce but in Queensland it has become abundant enough to cause extensive defoliation of its host plant at some sites. Its rapid increase in Queensland is attributed to the absence of parasitism.

Biological control of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Kenya using a predatory beetle Teretrius nigrescens(Coleoptera: Histeridae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Hill ◽  
F.L.O. Nang'ayo ◽  
D.J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Larger Grain Borer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Rains ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe establishment of the predatory histerid beetle, Teretrius nigrescens Lewis, following its field release in south eastern Kenya in 1992, and its impact on populations of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), in woodland habitats is evaluated. Pheromone trap catch data show a single strong peak of P. truncatus from November to January, coincident with the short rains. Comparisons of P. truncatus pheromone trap catches before and after predator establishment, and in areas with and without T. nigrescens, show a sustained decline of over 80% in P. truncatus abundance over a 5-year period, following the establishment T. nigrescens. Concurrent laboratory studies of the impact of T. nigrescens on populations of P. truncatus raised on a wood substrate showed a 77% reduction in the growth of the pest population. These results are compared with published findings of the impact of T. nigrescens as a biological control agent of P. truncatus in west Africa.

Bionomics and the predicted distribution of the aphid Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Scott ◽  
P.B. Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Population Doubling Time ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Cool Summer

AbstractDevelopment rates of the aphid, Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch), a recent arrival in Australia and a potential biological control agent against weeds in the family Polygonaceae, were measured over a range of constant temperatures. The theoretical lower limit for development is 6.4°C and the upper limit 32°C. Maximum fecundity per day was reached at 19°C. The rate of increase peaked at about 28°C giving a population doubling time of less than two days. These values were used with the current distribution to develop a CLIMEX model to predict the potential world distribution of the aphid. The model predicts that the aphid has suitable periods of population growth in autumn and spring, and that survival is unlikely over summer in most of south-western Australia where the aphid has the potential to contribute to the biological control of the polygonaceous weeds, Emex and Rumexspecies. The model predicts that years with cool summer temperatures and late summer rains in south west Australia, such as in 1990 when the aphid was first abundant, will be particularly suitable for aphid development. These conditions occurred twice between 1985 and 1995. To increase the effectiveness of the aphid as a biological control agent of weeds in other years, augmentation by provision of alternative hosts and/or the release of mass reared individuals during autumn is proposed.

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