Deep Federalism through Local Initiative: Unbundling Sovereignty in Winnipeg

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Leo ◽  
Todd Andres

Abstract.Building on an international literature that stresses the growing importance of cities in both the economy and governance, this paper proceeds from the premise that national government support is essential to the maintenance of a social safety net, but that a great deal of local initiative is also necessary in order to ensure that national government funds are spent in a manner appropriate to the very different conditions in different cities. The paper focuses on a case in which a municipal government initiated a tri-level government program. Winnipeg officials and politicians developed a proposal for federal and provincial participation in a locally created welfare-to-work scheme, a scheme that, unlike conventional workfare, offered union wages and training leading to well-paid work. The municipal government provided on-the-job training for workers selected from the welfare rolls to carry out infrastructure upgrades and financed the project with money the federal and provincial governments saved on welfare payments. The paper argues that the municipal government was uniquely well placed to identify needed work, as well as to choose welfare recipients who would be able to benefit from the job training on offer. In this case, therefore, we argue that local initiative was essential to the success of this federally and provincially financed welfare-to-work program. The findings of the theoretical literature we review suggest that it could eventually become a precedent for further municipal and local activism along similar lines.Résumé.S'inspirant d'une littérature internationale—comprenant les contributions de Canadiens tels que Magnusson, Elkins et Courcherne—qui souligne l'importance croissante des villes dans l'économie et la gouvernance, et s'inspirant également du savoir déjà acquis sur le fédéralisme de fond, cette communication part de la prémisse que l'appui du gouvernement fédéral est indispensable au maintien d'un filet de sécurité sociale, mais que l'initiative locale est très importante pour assurer que les fonds versés par le gouvernement national soient exploités d'une manière qui réponde aux circonstances particulières des villes différentes. La présente communication porte sur un projet lancé par une administration municipale mais destiné aux trois niveaux de gouvernement. En effet, ce sont les employés et l'administration de la Ville de Winnipeg qui ont mis sur pied un projet de retour au travail pour les bénéficiaires d'une aide sociale auquel les gouvernements fédéral et provincial devaient participer. Contrairement aux programmes conventionnels de travaux d'utilité publique, ce projet offrait un salaire conforme aux règles syndicales en même temps qu'une formation sur le lieu de travail. C'est le gouvernement municipal qui assurait cette formation aux individus choisis de la liste des bénéficiaires d'une aide sociale et dont le travail consistait à hausser l'infrastructure. C'est aussi le gouvernement municipal qui finançait le projet avec l'argent que les gouvernements fédéral et provincial avaient économisé sur les fonds de solidarité. La communication prétend que le gouvernement municipal est particulièrement bien placé pour identifier les travaux nécessaires et pour sélectionner les bénéficiaires d'aide sociale les plus capables de profiter de la formation donnée sur le poste de travail. Nous prétendons donc que, dans ce cas, le succès de ce programme de retour au travail pour les bénéficiaires d'une aide sociale, financé aux niveaux fédéral et provincial, dépendait de l'initiative locale. La littérature théorique que nous avons passée en revue suggère que ce projet puisse finir par devenir le modèle pour d'autres activités municipales et locales du même genre.

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 326-328
Author(s):  
Mary F. E. Ebeling

An ethnographic study of the work of nurse practitioners at an outpatient care facility shows how these medical professionals must endlessly multitask to fill gaps in the US social safety net. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new focus on the essential work of nurses and the lack of resources with which they often contend is especially timely.


2020 ◽  
pp. 000312242097748
Author(s):  
Jennifer Randles

Prior research highlights how mothers across social classes express similar beliefs that good parenting adheres to the tenets of intensive mothering by being child-centered, time-consuming, and self-sacrificing. Yet intensive mothering ideologies emphasize parenting tactics that assume children’s basic needs are met, while ignoring how mothers in poverty devise distinctive childrearing strategies and logics to perform carework demanded by deprivation, discrimination, and a meager social safety net. I theorize inventive mothering that instead highlights the complexity and agency of poor mothers’ innovative efforts to ensure children’s access to resources, protect children from the harms of poverty and racism, and present themselves as fit parents in the context of intersecting gender, class, and race stigma. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 70 mothers who experienced diaper need, I conceptualize diaper work as a case of inventive mothering that involves extensive physical, cognitive, and emotional labor. These findings show how focusing on childrearing practices experienced as “intense” from the point of view of more affluent, white mothers perpetuates inequalities by obscuring the complex labor poor mothers, especially poor mothers of color, perform when there is limited public support for fundamental aspects of childcare.


2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Beverly Ward ◽  
Rosemary Mathias

Lack of reliable transportation is a major barrier to linking current welfare recipients with job opportunities. Both private vehicles and public transportation play key roles in accessing jobs. Local investments in public transportation vary significantly from area to area, resulting in disparities of what level of investment is required to ensure that adequate transportation is available for those who need it. Even in communities well-served by public transportation, current services may be inadequate for providing transportation for former welfare recipients joining the work force, especially when work transportation is linked to the need to access child care, training, education, and other services. Based on extensive work carried out by anthropologists at the USF Center for Urban Transportation Research, this presentation covers two main issues: (1) an overview of the Florida WAGES program and of efforts pertaining to welfare to work and access to jobs in other states; (2) the extent to which WAGES and public transportation programs are integrated and coordinated at the local and state level in Florida. The research was funded from the Center's base operating funds provided by the Florida Board of Regents.


2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norene Pupo ◽  
Ann Duffy

Throughout Western highly industrialised countries, there has been a marked shift toward more conservative social policies signalling a dismantling of the welfare state as part of the process of globalisation. This paper examines the aetiology of the (un)employment insurance programme in the Canadian context. Recently, legislators have tightened eligibility rules, lowered earnings replacement rates and altered coverage requirements. While these changes signal a shredding of the social safety net, they differentially impact on certain segments of the population. Despite official pronouncements of fairness, employment insurance changes intensify the subordination women experience in the paid labour force.


Author(s):  
Manos Matsaganis ◽  
Fotis Papadopoulos ◽  
Panos Tskloglou

The poverty-reducing impact of social transfers is weaker in Greece than in other EU countries, primarily due to the absence of a minimum social safety net. The paper examines the extent and structure of extreme poverty in Greece and attempts to assess the likely effects of the introduction of a minimum income scheme, under alternative scenarios about the extent of non-take up by eligible households as well as leakages to ineligible ones. Our results indicate that such a scheme could lead to an almost complete eradication of extreme poverty and a considerable decline in aggregate inequality at a moderate cost.


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