scholarly journals A type of periodicity of certain quartic surfaces

1942 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Edge

The following pages have been written in consequence of reading some paragraphs by Reye, in which he obtains, from a quartic surface, a chain of contravariant quartic envelopes and of covariant quartic loci. This chain is, in general, unending; but Reye at once foresaw the possibility of the quartic surface being such that the chain would be periodic. The only example which he gave of periodicity being realised was that in which the quartic surface was a repeated quadric. It is reasonable to suppose that, had he been able to do so, he would have chosen some surface which had the periodic property without being degenerate; in the present note two such surfaces are signalised.

There exists in space of four dimensions an interesting figure of 15 lines and 15 points, first considered by Stéphanos (‘Compt. Rendus,’ vol. 93, 1881), though suggested very clearly by Cremona’s discussion of cubic surfaces in three-dimensional space. In connection with the figure of 15 lines there arises a quartic surface, the intersection of two quadrics, which is of importance as giving rise by projection to the Cyclides, as Segre has shown in detail (‘Math. Ann.,’ vol. 24, 1884). The symmetry of the figure suggests, howrever, the consideration of 15 such quartic surfaces; and it is natural to inquire as to the mutual relations of these surfaces, in particular as to their intersections. In general, two surfaces in space of four dimensions meet in a finite number of points. It appears that in this case any two of these 15 surfaces have a curve in common; it is the purpose of the present note to determine the complete intersection of any two of these 15 surfaces. Similar results may be obtained for a system of cubic surfaces in three dimensions, corresponding to those here given for this system of quartic surfaces in four dimensions, since the surfaces have one point in common, which may be taken as the centre of a projection.


Let c = ( c 1 , . . . , c r ) be a set of curves forming a minimum base on a surface, which, under a self-transformation, T , of the surface, transforms into a set T c expressible by the equivalences T c = Tc, where T is a square matrix of integers. Further, let the numbers of common points of pairs of the curves, c i , c j , be written as a symmetrical square matrix Г. Then the matrix T satisfies the equation TГT' = Г. The significance of solutions of this equation for a given matrix Г is discussed, and the following special surfaces are investigated: §§4-7. Surfaces, in particular quartic surfaces, wìth only two base curves. Self-transformations of these depend on the solutions of the Pell equation u 2 - kv 2 = 1 (or 4). §8. The quartic surface specialized only by being made to contain a twisted cubic curve. This surface has an involutory transformation determined by chords of the cubic, and has only one other rational curve on it, namely, the transform of the cubic. The appropriate Pell equation is u 2 - 17 v 2 = 4. §9. The quartic surface specialized only by being made to contain a line and a rational curve of order m to which the line is ( m - 1)⋅secant (for m = 1 the surface is made to contain two skew lines). The surface has two infinite sequences of self-transformations, expressible in terms of two transformations R and S , namely, a sequence of involutory transformations R S n , and a sequence of non-involutory transformations S n .


1945 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Edge

There is, in the second (Cambridge, 1911) edition of Burnside's Theory of Groups of Finite Order, an example on p. 371 which must have aroused the curiosity of many mathematicians; a quartic surface, invariant for a group of 24.5! collineations, appears without any indication of its provenance or any explanation of its remarkable property. The example teases, whether because Burnside, if he obtained the result from elsewhere, gives no reference, or because, if the result is original with him, it is difficult to conjecture the process by which he arrived at it. But the quartic form which, when equated to zero, gives the surface, appears, together with associated forms, in a paper by Maschke1, and it is fitting therefore to call both form and surface by his name.


1946 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
W. L. Edge

The six quaternary quartic formswere first obtained by Maschke; it has recently been explained that the quartic surfaces obtained by equating these forms to zero are important constituents of Klein's famous configuration derived from six linear complexes that are mutually in involution. The quartic surface Φi = 0 will be denoted, for each of the six suffixes i, by Mi.


Author(s):  
J. A. Todd

The investigations which follow were originally suggested by the now classical problem of Cayley, the determination of the condition that seven lines in space, of which no two intersect, should lie on a quartic surface. This problem suggests the consideration of the linear system of quartic surfaces which pass through six given lines, and this, essentially, is the basis of all that follows.


1984 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigefumi Mori

Our result is motivated by the results [GP] of Gruson and Peskin on characterization of the pair of degree d and genus g of a non-singular curve in P3. In the last step, they construct the required curve C on a singular quartic surface when Here we consider curves on smooth quartic surfaces.


1924 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
C. G. F. James

A complex or system ∞3 of conics in space of four dimensions is such that a finite number of conics pass through an arbitrary point. Linear complexes are those for which this number is unity, and are such that their curves are defined by conditions of incidence with fixed surfaces, curves and points. In this paper are discussed briefly the linear complexes defined by the condition that their curves meet an irreducible curve in four points. Denoting by a curve of order m and genus p it is found that the curves in question are The complex associated with is considered in greater detail, since it is found to have an interesting connection with the well-known Weddle quartic surface of ordinary space. In fact the conics of the system touching a space (of three dimensions) do so in the points of such a surface. The main properties of this surface can be thence deduced. In addition we discuss certain results in connection with this curve . The paper closes with certain enumerative results which were obtained in the course of the researches giving the results recorded and which we believe are worth record.


Author(s):  
N E Hollingworth ◽  
D A Hills

In a previous paper (1), the contact forces in a chain bearing during articulation were established. The present note describes the application of these results to the theoretical evaluation of efficiency for a conventional chain transmission using cranked link (or offset) type chain.


1881 ◽  
Vol 31 (206-211) ◽  
pp. 473-477

The attention of geologists was first called by M. Adhémar, and afterwards more fully by Mr. James Croll, to the possible importance of these long inequalities in climate, in explaining the climates of geological periods, which differ considerably from those of the present time in the same places; but, so far as I know, no one has written, down these inequalities in a mathematical form, or calculated numerically the effects upon climate they are capable of producing. I shall attempt to do so in the present note.


2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evis Ieronymou

ABSTRACTWe exhibit central simple algebras over the function field of a diagonal quartic surface over the complex numbers that represent the 2-torsion part of its Brauer group. We investigate whether the 2-primary part of the Brauer group of a diagonal quartic surface over a number field is algebraic and give sufficient conditions for this to be the case. In the last section we give an obstruction to weak approximation due to a transcendental class on a specific diagonal quartic surface, an obstruction which cannot be explained by the algebraic Brauer group which in this case is just the constant algebras.


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