Light Cones as Quantum Phenomena

Quantum erasure experiments push the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds by letting delayed events influence the state of previously recorded and potentially widely distributed classical information. The only significant restriction to such unsettling violations of forward-only causality is that the distribution of forward-dependent information cannot cross out of the light cone boundaries of the event in the past, a feature that ensures no violations of causality — no rewriting of anyone else's recorded histories — can occur. The erasure interpretation of this conundrum requires rewriting of information recorded and distributed in the past, which would itself be a violation of causality. The quantum predestination interpretation removes the causal rewriting issue. However, quantum predestination requires detailed coordination of inputs from outside of the forward-dependent event's light cone, thus massively violating the same limit that prevents causality violations in such events. Yet another approach is to invoke the Schrödinger's cat variant of quantum erasure in which arbitrarily complex classical events within the light cone become quantum dependent upon the future event. As with all Schrödinger's cat interpretations of quantum mechanics, this variant of quantum erasure violates causality by discarding local classical histories such as the information-rich state of the cat's body. The most straightforward interpretation of erasure experiments is to follow the lead of the equations themselves, which transform on paper as if their components are independent of ordinary space and time limits, up to the limits imposed on them by the speed of light. Interpreting the light cone of each quantum system as an atemporal, aspatial unit in which classical time and space have no meaning results in a multi-scale, matter-dependent definition of spacetime in which every light cone is a singular quantum entity. In such a universe, both time and space are defined not as pre-existing, mass-independent continuums but as the consensus of vast numbers of constantly interacting and mutually limiting quantum-entity light cones.

Single-Shunt Three-Phase Current Measurement for a Three-Level Inverter Using a Modified Space-Vector Modulation

This article presents a single-shunt measurement of a three-level inverter using a modified space-vector modulation to reconstruct the three-phase load current. The proposed method was implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP), and the algorithm was verified in the laboratory experiment. Through the work, it was proven that the single-shunt three-phase current measurement could be performed using the space-vector modulation for three-level inverters in an analogous way to ordinary three-phase inverters. Three-phase current reconstruction for ordinary three-phase inverters was performed using the ordinary space-vector modulation with eight vectors, but for three-level inverters, 21 vectors were available. When the inverter was working on the edges between two vectors, the modulation disturbances appeared as current spikes. This problem was solved using the modified SVM performed by shifting the SVM signals. Carefully designed signal shifting (vector injection) demonstrated an excellent reconstruction of the three-phase load currents that were single-shunt measured.

Massive Spinning Relativistic Particle: Revisited under BRST and Supervariable Approaches

We discuss the continuous and infinitesimal gauge, supergauge, reparameterization, nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST), and anti-BRST symmetries and derive corresponding nilpotent charges for the one 0+1-dimensional (1D) massive model of a spinning relativistic particle. We exploit the theoretical potential and power of the BRST and supervariable approaches to derive the (anti-)BRST symmetries and coupled (but equivalent) Lagrangians for this system. In particular, we capture the off-shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity of the conserved (anti-)BRST charges within the framework of the newly proposed (anti-)chiral supervariable approach (ACSA) to BRST formalism where only the (anti-)chiral supervariables (and their suitable super expansions) are taken into account along the Grassmannian direction(s). One of the novel observations of our present investigation is the derivation of the Curci-Ferrari- (CF-) type restriction by the requirement of the absolute anticommutativity of the (anti-)BRST charges in the ordinary space. We obtain the same restriction within the framework of ACSA to BRST formalism by (i) the symmetry invariance of the coupled Lagrangians and (ii) the proof of the absolute anticommutativity of the conserved and nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges. The observation of the anticommutativity property of the (anti-)BRST charges is a novel result in view of the fact that we have taken into account only the (anti-)chiral super expansions.

Not Observed Ontology

Two narratives – natural science and religious, intersect in the area of ​​unobserv­able ontology – an immaterial, transcendental, but real area that paradoxically exists outside and inside ordinary physical space-time. It is assumed that mathe­matical constructs, physical laws, physical constants, quantum objects, and even biological laws can be associated with this area. It is argued that physical laws are not invented by man, but are discovered, since they contain physical con­stants measured in special experimental works. Universal constants were not invented for reasons of convenience – physics accepts them as an inevitable con­sequence of the coincidence of the results of all special measurements. Observa­tional data are presented that indicate an extremely small change in fundamental constants or even their constancy over the entire time of the existence of the Uni­verse, although this interesting problem cannot be considered finally solved. The ontology of quantum objects is considered within the framework of Seval­nikov's polyiontic paradigm, according to which two modes are distinguished – potential and actual. The potential existence of quantum objects is described by the Schrödinger wave function, and the actual one appears during the transition from the spectrum of possible states to the only observable one. It is emphasized that potential being does not belong to the classical space, but is in an unobserv­able ontology. The observed state, on the contrary, is already in ordinary space – time and can be recorded by the device. This determines the existence of a spe­cial transcendental layer of reality, along with the material, which may indicate a certain duality in the structure of the Universe. Then it should be assumed that our Universe is not a universal, but a multiverse – a set of different worlds onto­logically having a different nature. In addition, the polyiontic paradigm leads to the idea that, at the quantum level, matter can be derived from information hid­den in an unobservable ontology.

Test and Design of Colors and Visual Illusion Based on Changing Spatial Characte

In order to change the dull and rigid atmosphere in some interior spaces, a kind of scheme of aesthetic optical illusion is designed combined the spatial principle, and colors and visual illusion design technology. Which is beneficial to change the spatial character. In this paper, VR technology is used to immerse the space of three times three times three cubic meters of red, orange, yellow, blue, green, purple, white and black, so as to collect the psychological effects of the experimenters, the results showed that 90% of them had the same color psychological induction.The conclusion of colors and visual illusion is verified through the successful application of the practical results in plane, indoor and medical treatment: changing the spatial character can reasonably use the colors and visual illusion design, can have unexpected humanistic interest and aesthetic enjoyment, and meet the aesthetic needs of space. Therefore, it is suggested to set up some colors and visual illusion works of art in the ordinary space to improve the comfort and aesthetic taste of the space.

The energy density of the gravitational field

It is shown that 100-year-old, conflicting ideas on the positive or negative energy of the gravity field collide with the principle of local conservation of energy. A scrutiny of the Schwarzschild metric, carried out with a different method than that applied by E. Schrödinger but completed with a similar result, reconfirms that the gravity field holds no energy at all, with that recognition being tacitly acknowledged by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler in 1973. Given that it does not hold any energy, it cannot, by definition, be qualified as a force-field. Given that it is not a force-field, it is capable of being completely transformed away even in the rigid reference-frame of a distant observer outside of the field. Contrary to what (early) Einstein believed, this can (and must) be achieved by the concept of “flowing spaces” that was introduced by elder Einstein himself in 1952. It is shown that this concept leads to empirical consequences. Moreover, the energy of the gravity field is necessarily replaced by an inexhaustible “dark energy,” which flows into any massive object (including Newton’s apple) whenever, after a free fall, it is being decelerated. Thereby Schrödinger’s vision of “new foundations” of the energy conservation principle (as a consequence of his recognition that the gravity field holds no energy) is coming true. Because of the absence of any gravitational field lines that originate from that energy, the (main) seat of this dark energy cannot be in three-dimensional space, but must sit at a location separated from ordinary space by a short distance in a direction perpendicular to all three ordinary spatial directions.

Magnetic motion of spherical frictional charged particles on the unit sphere

Mathematically, the sphere unit S² is described to be a 2-sphere in an ordinary space with a positive curvature. In this study, we aim to present the manipulation of a spherical charged particle in a continuous motion with a magnetic field on the sphere S² while it is exposed to a frictional force. In other words, we effot to derive the exact geometric characterization for the spherical charged particle under the influence of a frictional force field on the unit 2-sphere. This approach also helps to discover some physical and kinematical characterizations belonging to the particle such as the magnetic motion, the torque, the potential energy functional, and the Poynting vector.

Sporting Space, Sacred Space: A Theology of Sporting Place

Religion often designates locations that are considered sacred, marked off from ordinary space. Sporting venues also take on a significance for players and supporters that is seldom adequately explained in solely sporting terms. Can theological understandings of place illuminate the way in which players and spectators relate to the ‘sacred space’ of their sporting endeavors? In this paper, I explore and assess the theological and religious significance of sporting space by reflecting upon descriptions of both religious and sporting special places. I use a range of types of descriptions of experiences of such spaces together with theological ideas and concepts, including Christian notions of incarnation, sacrament, and Trinity, which are found to be useful resources, undermining a strict binary of ‘sacred’ and ‘profane’ space. I then build upon previous theological and empirical work with sports participants to explore a theological understanding of special sporting places and the experiences of those who play and support sporting endeavors in them.

Soliton propagation of electromagnetic field vectors of polarized light ray traveling in a coiled optical fiber in the ordinary space

In this paper, we relate the evolution equations of the electric field and magnetic field vectors of the polarized light ray traveling in a coiled optical fiber in the ordinary space into the nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation by proposing new kinds of binormal motions and new kinds of Hasimoto functions in addition to commonly known formula of the binormal motion and Hasimoto function. All these operations have been conducted by using the orthonormal frame of Bishop equations that is defined along with the coiled optical fiber. We also propose perturbed solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger’s evolution equation that governs the propagation of solitons through the electric field [Formula: see text] and magnetic field [Formula: see text] vectors. Finally, we provide some numerical simulations to supplement the analytical outcomes.

Magnetic Places in Riga Soviet Residential Areas

This article focuses on magnetic places in Riga Soviet residential areas – locations which are differ from ordinary spaces due to their naturalness, possibility of restoration, perceived beauty and possibility to appropriate such places. This paper utilises two theoretical fields – the one of evolutionary aesthetics in dealing with such elements as prospects and refuges that is crucial for survival, but also phenomenology dealing with mental maps and subjective perception of space. The method in use is semi-structured interviews, since they provide a valuable in situ material for proving a theoretical thought. It can be concluded that the magnetic places that often are as much as 200 m far from the interviewees’ homes are more attractive than the location outside their window. This finding is in stark contrast to Oscar Newman’s Defensible Space Theory. There are also few recommendations for landscape architects included in this text: one of those is to not only invest more resources into the design of magnetic places, but carefully design the ordinary places. The latter should be done not only in order to avoid the arousal of no-go areas in a residential complex, but also because any ordinary space has a potential of becoming a place.