The Estimated Population of Great Britain, 1941–1971

(1) In a paper read before the Institute in November 1933 (J.I.A. Vol. LXV, p. 38), Mr C. D. Rich showed how to calculate the inherent rate of growth of a population by combining in a single index the current data regarding mortality and fertility. Valuable though this index is in showing the true underlying trend at a particular point of time, it cannot be adapted (nor is it intended) to show the actual future populations at any particular time.(2) It is the purpose of the present paper to make estimates of the population of Great Britain, according to age and sex, for certain future years, and in order to do this an attempt is made to forecast the probable future course of mortality and fertility in Great Britain, in the light of the experience of the past, and such indications as there may be regarding the factors which will influence the future.

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The Future is in the Past: Projecting and Plotting the Potential Rate of Growth and Trajectory of the Structural Change of the Chinese Economy for the Next 20 Years

China & World Economy ◽

10.1111/cwe.12098 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 21-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jun Zhang ◽

Liheng Xu ◽

Fang Liu

Keyword(s):

Structural Change ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

The Past ◽

Rate Of Growth ◽

The Future ◽

Potential Rate

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The Condition and Progress of German Life Insurance Companies in the Year 1873

Journal of the Institute of Actuaries and Assurance Magazine ◽

10.1017/s2046167400045067 ◽

1875 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 42-55

Author(s):

A. Emminghaus ◽

D. A. Bumsted

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Great Britain ◽

Life Insurance ◽

Social Life ◽

The United States ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

General State ◽

The Past ◽

Recent Outbreak ◽

The Future

The progress of life insurance in Germany in the year 1873 was far greater than could have been anticipated from the course of events during the year. For at a time of violent reaction, such as Germany and Austria experienced in the past year, succeeding a period during which mercantile speculations had been engaged in with such frantic eagerness by all classes of the community, we should not have expected to find men either willing or able to give that calm and self-denying consideration to the future, upon which life insurance depends. With the necessaries of life at exorbitant prices, it was natural to suppose that there would be a considerable diminution in the number of those who, after meeting the claims of the day, would be able to provide for the future. While the general state of society thus led to the conclusion that there would be a diminution in the number of insurances, there was also reason to fear that the mortality would be greatly increased through the recent outbreak of cholera, which extended over a large district, and held its ground very firmly for some time. In both respects, the returns for 1873 were more favourable than we expected; and this furnishes another proof of the fact that, in those parts of central Europe from which our returns are derived, life insurance has not yet become so general, that all the occurrences of domestic and social life, or even events involving important changes, have any distinct influence upon its development. It cannot be denied that in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, life insurance is not nearly so well understood as in Great Britain and the United States.

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The Contribution of Weed Science to Food Production in Great Britain

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500034548 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 681-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. G. Elliott

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Great Britain ◽

Weed Control ◽

Food Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

Historical Background ◽

Weed Science ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact

British Agriculture has existed for at least a thousand years, and it would require a book to record the major developments in weed control. My concern today is with the events of the past 25 years during which weed control has become established as a science, and herbicides have been given a widespread introduction. I hope to set these events against a historical background as they relate to Great Britain, and thereafter, to draw out some thoughts on the impact that modern weed science is making and will make in the future on crop production and land use.

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Assessmentism—an alternative to pensions funding?

Journal of the Institute of Actuaries ◽

10.1017/s0020268100018199 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 173-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. R. Trowbridge

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Occupational Pension ◽

Retirement Benefits ◽

The Past ◽

Pension Schemes ◽

The Future

1.1. Occupational pension schemes in Great Britain and in many other countries are experiencing a very difficult period. For several years now actuaries valuing funded pension schemes have been faced all too often with the unenviable task of presenting to their clients the unpopular message that their pension schemes are going to cost more in the future than they did in the past. Furthermore, the increasing pressure to revalue pensions in course of payment and to replace withdrawal benefits by some form of preserved rights is either threatening employers with intolerable funding burdens, or is causing some departure from the established practice of fully funding retirement benefits.

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