Option pricing models

1989 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Option Pricing ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Black Scholes Model ◽  
Black Scholes

ABSTRACTThe paper discusses two important models of option pricing: the binomial model and the Black—Scholes model. It begins with a brief description of options.

Comparison of European Option Pricing Models at Multiple Periods

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Amir Ahmad Dar ◽  
N. Anuradha ◽  
Ziadi Nihel
Keyword(s):  
Option Pricing ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
European Option ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
European Option Pricing ◽  
Black Scholes Model ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Option Pricing Model ◽  
Anderson Darling

The point of this chapter is to think about the correlation of two well-known European option pricing models – Black Scholes Model and Binomial Option Pricing Model. The above two models not statistically significant at one period. In this examination, it is shown how the above two European models are statistically significant when the time period increases. The independent paired t-test is utilized with the end goal to demonstrate that they are statistically significant to vary from one another at higher time period and the Anderson Darling test being used for the normality test. The Minitab and Excel programming has been utilized for graphical representation and the hypothesis testing.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THREE OPTION PRICING MODELS FOR INDIAN OPTIONS MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Arun Chauhan ◽  
Ravi Gor
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Option Pricing ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Option Prices ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Black Scholes Model ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Indian Stock Market

Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to decide theoretical price of different Options contracts in many stock markets in the world. In can find many generalizations of BS model by modifying some assumptions of classical BS model. In this paper we compared two such modified Black-Scholes models with classical Black-Scholes model only for Indian option contracts. We have selected stock options form 5 different sectors of Indian stock market. Then we have found call and put option prices for 22 stocks listed on National Stock Exchange by all three option pricing models. Finally, we have compared option prices for all three models and decided the best model for Indian Options. Motivation/Background: In 1973, two economists, Fischer Black, Myron and Robert Merton derived a closed form formula for finding value of financial options. For this discovery, they got a Nobel prize in Economic science in 1997. Afterwards, many researchers have found some limitations of Black-Scholes model. To overcome these limitations, there are many generalizations of Black-Scholes model available in literature. Also, there are very limited study available for comparison of generalized Black-Scholes models in context of Indian stock market. For these reasons we have done this study of comparison of two generalized BS models with classical BS model for Indian Stock market. Method: First, we have selected top 5 sectors of Indian stock market. Then from these sectors, we have picked total 22 stocks for which we want to compare three option pricing models. Then we have collected essential data like, current stock price, strike price, expiration time, rate of interest, etc. for computing the theoretical price of options by using three different option pricing formulas. After finding price of options by using all three models, finally we compared these theoretical option price with market price of respected stock options and decided that which theoretical price has less RMSE error among all three model prices. Result: After going through the method described above, we found that the generalized Black-Scholes model with modified distribution has minimum RMSE errors than other two models, one is classical Black-Scholes model and other is Generalized Black-Scholes model with modified interest rate.

scholarly journals Quanto Pricing beyond Black–Scholes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Holger Fink ◽  
Stefan Mittnik
Keyword(s):  
Option Pricing ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Barrier Options ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Double Barrier ◽  
Parameter Stability ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Black Scholes

Since their introduction, quanto options have steadily gained popularity. Matching Black–Scholes-type pricing models and, more recently, a fat-tailed, normal tempered stable variant have been established. The objective here is to empirically assess the adequacy of quanto-option pricing models. The validation of quanto-pricing models has been a challenge so far, due to the lack of comprehensive data records of exchange-traded quanto transactions. To overcome this, we make use of exchange-traded structured products. After deriving prices for composite options in the existing modeling framework, we propose a new calibration procedure, carry out extensive analyses of parameter stability and assess the goodness of fit for plain vanilla and exotic double-barrier options.

Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall approaches for option premiums and the probability of default estimation based on ARMA models

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Nikolai Berzon
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Option Pricing ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Probability Of Default ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Arma Process ◽  
Underlying Asset ◽  
Black Scholes

The need to address the issue of risk management has given rise to a number of models for estimation the probability of default, as well as a special tool that allows to sell credit risk – a credit default swap (CDS). From the moment it appeared in 1994 until the crisis of 2008, that the CDS market was actively growing, and then sharply contracted. Currently, there is practically no CDS market in emerging economies (including Russia). This article is to improve the existing CDS valuation models by using discrete-time models that allow for more accurate assessment and forecasting of the selected asset dynamics, as well as new option pricing models that take into account the degree of risk acceptance by the option seller. This article is devoted to parametric discrete-time option pricing models that provide more accurate results than the traditional Black-Scholes continuous-time model. Improvement in the quality of assessment is achieved due to three factors: a more detailed consideration of the properties of the time series of the underlying asset (in particular, autocorrelation and heavy tails), the choice of the optimal number of parameters and the use of Value-at-Risk approach. As a result of the study, expressions were obtained for the premiums of European put and call options for a given level of risk under the assumption that the return on the underlying asset follows a stationary ARMA process with normal or Student's errors, as well as an expression for the credit spread under similar assumptions. The simplicity of the ARMA process underlying the model is a compromise between the complexity of model calibration and the quality of describing the dynamics of assets in the stock market. This approach allows to take into account both discreteness in asset pricing and take into account the current structure and the presence of interconnections for the time series of the asset under consideration (as opposed to the Black–Scholes model), which potentially allows better portfolio management in the stock market.

scholarly journals Empirical Performance of Black-Scholes and GARCH Option Pricing Models during Turbulent Times: The Indian Evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Aparna Bhat ◽  
Kirti Arekar
Keyword(s):  
Option Pricing ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Currency Options ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Pricing Options ◽  
Volatility Model ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Option Pricing Model

Exchange-traded currency options are a recent innovation in the Indian financial market and their pricing is as yet unexplored. The objective of this research paper is to empirically compare the pricing performance of two well-known option pricing models – the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Model (BSM) and Duan’s NGARCH option pricing model – for pricing exchange-traded currency options on the US dollar-Indian rupee during a recent turbulent period. The BSM is known to systematically misprice options on the same underlying asset but with different strike prices and maturities resulting in the phenomenon of the ‘volatility smile’. This bias of the BSM results from its assumption of a constant volatility over the option’s life. The NGARCH option pricing model developed by Duan is an attempt to incorporate time-varying volatility in pricing options. It is a deterministic volatility model which has no closed-form solution and therefore requires numerical techniques for evaluation. In this paper we have compared the pricing performance and examined the pricing bias of both models during a recent period of volatility in the Indian foreign exchange market. Contrary to our expectations the pricing performance of the more sophisticated NGARCH pricing model is inferior to that of the relatively simple BSM model. However orthogonality tests demonstrate that the NGARCH model is free of the strike price and maturity biases associated with the BSM. We conclude that the deterministic BSM does a better job of pricing options than the more advanced time-varying volatility model based on GARCH.

scholarly journals Option Pricing Based on Modified Advection-Dispersion Equation: Stochastic Representation and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longjin Lv ◽  
Luna Wang
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Option Pricing ◽  
Dispersion Equation ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
European Option ◽  
Stochastic Representation ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Advection Dispersion ◽  
Black Scholes

In this paper, we first investigate the stochastic representation of the modified advection-dispersion equation, which is proved to be a subordinated stochastic process. Taking advantage of this result, we get the analytical solution and mean square displacement for the equation. Then, applying the subordinated Brownian motion into the option pricing problem, we obtain the closed-form pricing formula for the European option, when the underlying of the option contract is supposed to be driven by the subordinated geometric Brownian motion. At last, we compare the obtained option pricing models with the classical Black–Scholes ones.

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