Nationalism in America's UN Policy, 1944–1945

1973 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Truman Administration ◽  
Veto Power ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
American Government ◽  
United States Policy ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Post War

This article presents an interpretation of the conflicts between universalism and nationalism as they affected United States policy toward the creation of the United Nations. Drawing on heretofore unavailable sources, the author stresses the rising influence of nationalism in the evolution of decisions on the veto power, trusteeships, and regionalism. His focus is on the decision–making process during Roosevelt's last year and the initial months of the Truman administration. He contends that Cordell Hull's universalist UN blueprint, which Roosevelt supported, was inexorably eroded by critics within the American government, especially military spokesmen. These leaders took advantage of the apprehension about the Soviet Union's future policy to further their own ambitions for a strong post–war military posture. Truman was sympathetic to the voices of nationalism, and when he became president the shift away from a strong UN became more pronounced.

scholarly journals Forty Years of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 (XXX) on Zionism and Racism: the Brazilian Vote as an instance of United States - Brazil Relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA BREDA DOS SANTOS ◽  
EDUARDO UZIEL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
General Assembly Resolution ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations

Abstract In 1975, Brazil voted in favor of the United Nations General Assembly resolution 3379 (XXX), equating Zionism with a form of racism. Focusing on the decision-making process of president Ernesto Geisel's (1974-1979) foreign policy, "responsible pragmatism", this article discusses how the ultimate decision to vote in favor of resolution was taken taking into account mainly US-Brazil relationship.

The UNA Panel Report: A Comment

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-253
Author(s):  
George E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Panel Report ◽  
United States Policy ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Many

The report of the United Nations Association (UNA) National Policy Panel on China, The United Nations and United States Policy is one of the most thoughtful and responsible documents to emerge from the many discussions of this subject that have been going on all over the country in recent months.

Elected member influence in the United Nations Security Council

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Farrall ◽  
Marie-Eve Loiselle ◽  
Christopher Michaelsen ◽  
Jochen Prantl ◽  
Jeni Whalan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Common Understanding

AbstractThis article reassesses how members of the UN Security Council exercise influence over the Council’s decision-making process, with particular focus on the ten elected members (the E10). A common understanding of Security Council dynamics accords predominance to the five permanent members (the P5), suggesting bleak prospects for the Council as a forum that promotes the voices and representation of the 188 non-permanent members. The assumption is that real power rests with the P5, while the E10 are there to make up the numbers. By articulating a richer account of Council dynamics, this article contests the conventional wisdom that P5 centrality crowds out space for the E10 to influence Council decision-making. It also shows that opportunities for influencing Council decision-making go beyond stints of elected membership. It argues that the assumed centrality of the P5 on the Council thus needs to be qualified and re-evaluated.

Teaching Decision Science in Educational Administration

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Walter M. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Decision Science ◽  
Mail Questionnaire ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Decision Sciences

The universities in the United States that offer a Doctorate in Educational Administration were surveyed to collect information on courses that they offer which include decision sciences—techniques which aid the decision-making process of administrators and which are usually mathematically or technologically based. With a 71 per cent response rate to a mail questionnaire, it was found that forty-five of the responding seventy-six universities (59 per cent) offered such a course to their administration majors. Data were collected from the instructors concerning frequency offered, average enrollment, year originated, and percentage of administration doctoral majors enrolled. A tally of the major topic areas was also recorded.

The Origins of Commitment: Truman and West Berlin

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Welch Larson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Truman Administration ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
German Government ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
West Berlin ◽  
Adequate Power

Until the 1948–1949 Berlin blockade, the United States had not decided whether U.S. forces should remain in West Berlin after the establishment of a West German government. But after the Soviet Union closed off surface routes to West Berlin, the Truman administration embarked on a massive airlift and established a de facto commitment to preserve the western sectors' independence. The U.S. guarantee to West Berlin is difficult to explain from the standpoint of realist theories of foreign policymaking. Realism maintains that leaders should undertake commitments only if adequate power is available and that ends should be commensurate with means. West Berlin was indefensible, and its access routes could be restricted at any time. Only by analyzing the decision-making process from the standpoint of political psychology can scholars determine why U.S. policymakers acted as they did. President Harry Truman played a pivotal role in decision-making in Berlin, and he relied on his own judgment rather than policy analysis. Psychological research on intuitive judgment indicates that people sometimes make important decisions without deliberating when the problem is highly complex and the outcome uncertain—precisely the conditions Truman faced in 1948.

Our Columnists on the A-Bomb

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Janet Besse ◽  
Harold D. Lasswell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Opinion differs about the role of syndicated columnists in the forming of national opinion and in the decision-making process in the United States. Our columnists have been the subject of pioneering studies, but we have a long way to go before the picture can be called historically complete, scientifically precise, or fully satisfactory for policy-making purposes. What the columnists say is an important chapter in the history of the American public, and history is most useful for critical purposes when written close to the event. The general theory of communication and politics can be refined as the details of the opinion process are more fully known.

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