Legal aspects of the Irish secret service fund, 1793–1833

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (98) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F McEldowney
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Secret Service ◽  
Legal Implications

Eunan O’Halpin’s short paper, ‘The secret service vote and Ireland, 1868- 1922’, raises important questions about accountability for the payment of money for secret service work, a term not defined in any statute in nineteenth-century Ireland. What did ‘secret service work’ include and to what extent was the money properly authorised?The purpose of this article is to examine some of the legal implications of the use of secret service money Accounts for 1833 in the Hatherton papers show the amount of money paid, to whom and for what purposes. Edward John Littleton, first Baron Hatherton (1791 – 1863), was chief secretary for Ireland in 1833 and 1834 during the second lord lieutenancy of Marquis Wellesley This article is based largely on evidence drawn from the Hatherton papers and raises questions about the impartiality of justice in Ireland.

Suturing the Open Veins of Ecuador: Debt, Default and Democracy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade Mansell ◽  
Karen Openshaw
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Audit Commission ◽  
Obvious Benefit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Large Discount ◽  
Interest Payments

In 2008 the Ecuadorian government received a report on the legitimacy of the country's sovereign debt from an international audit commission appointed by Ecuador's current president, Rafael Correa. This concluded that much of the debt was tainted by illegality and illegitimacy and consequently did not merit repayment. Citing the report's findings as justification, the government stopped making interest payments on certain of the country's bonds, but, rather than repudiating them altogether, engineered a successful buyback at a large discount. Having thus reduced Ecuador's external commercial debt burden by about a third, the government is now planning to address multilateral and bilateral loans also adjudged unlawful by the commission.This article examines the robust approach adopted by the Correa administration to tackling Ecuador's public debts, placing it in the context of the country's troubled economic history and contrasting it with previous defaults and debt workouts which largely worked to Ecuador's disadvantage. In doing so, it considers the use which the government has made of the increasingly prominent concepts of odious and illegitimate debt as a means of combating the indebtedness of the South. The conclusion reached is that, regardless of the final position suggested by international law, the realities of international relations are likely to limit the practicality of legal remedies. Nevertheless, the case of Ecuador provides a new chapter in the continuing academic debate regarding unlawful debt.These, of course, are the legal aspects of Ecuador's endeavours to curtail expenditure desperately needed for other purposes. Underlying the legal implications is the reality of an impoverished nation called upon to continue to service or redeem 'debt' that brought no obvious benefit to the overwhelming majority of its people. Debt repayment has promoted impoverishment and also, if indirectly, facilitated devastating environmental degradation.

scholarly journals Presidential Address: The Empire Strikes Back: The Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Canadian Secret Service

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Kealey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Secret Police ◽  
Lower Canada ◽  
Secret Service ◽  
American Nationalism ◽  
Permanent Home ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Rural Police

Abstract While the history of the RCMP security service is becoming better known, study of its nineteenth-century predecessors is just beginning. From experiments with a rural police force established in Lower Canada in the aftermath of the 1837 Rebellions, the United Provinces of Canada created two secret police forces in 1864 to protect the border from American invasion. With the end of the Civil War, these forces turned to protecting the Canadas from Fenian activities. The Dominion Police, established in 1868, provided a permanent home for the secret service. The NWMP followed in 1873. Unlike the English, whose Victorian liberalism was suspicious of political and secret police, Canadians appear to have been much more accepting of such organisations and did not challenge John A. Macdonald's creation or control of a secret police. Republicanism, whether in the guise of Quebec, Irish or American nationalism, was seen as antithetical to the new nation of Canada, and a secret police was deemed necessary to protect the nation against it.

British Secret Service Activity in Khorassan, 1887–1908

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-675
Author(s):  
L. P. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Secret Service ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Great Game

When great powers quarrel their lesser neighbours are often worst affected. Cajoled and wooed, they are drawn into conflicts they would prefer to avoid. Such involvement may exacerbate internal weaknesses and end by damaging them long after the causes of the original dispute have faded. Nineteenth-century Iran became drawn into Anglo-Russian rivalries in Central Asia as each sought to secure her assistance. Spectators of the so-called ‘Great Game’ were not allowed: the boxes were part of the field of play.

Ethical and Legal Aspects Relating to the Use of the Neural Microcomputer C40

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
L. Borea
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Potential Impact

My project deals with an instrument for neurosurgery and electronics, a neural microcomputer, together with its ethical and legal implications. The essay is presented in the form of a report from the legal department of the CyberSys Corporation to the Board of Directors of the same firm. The introductory background information is followed by a description by the department of the ethical and legal observations made by the Ethical and Legal Commission of the European Court of Justice regarding the application of high technology. The debate between the various members of the Commission is particularly delicate as the potential impact of this new technology could prove revolutionary.

Barbara Marchioness of Hastings (1810-1858)—Fossil Collector and ‘Lady-Geologist’

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kölbl-Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Restricted Area

During the first half of the nineteenth century a large group of non-professional scientists still existed in British geology. For these ‘gentleman-geologists' geology was more or less a private interest. Female counterparts or ‘lady-geologists'—following an independent research program, publishing their results, and presenting them to the contemporary scientific community—were quite rare. One of these remarkable exceptions was Barbara Marchioness of Hastings (1810-1858). She was married and a mother of seven children. She was a keen collector of fossils and sold a large collection of several thousand vertebrate fossils to the British Museum in 1855. Beginning in 1845, she undertook detailed stratigraphical fieldwork in the Eocene strata at Hordle and Beacon Cliff near Milford (Hampshire), where she produced a coloured, scale-drawn section of the strata. Between 1848 and 1853, she published three papers summarising this work. Hastings considered herself a serious geological worker and her contributions were of high quality. Her high social position ensured a reasonable reception among her male colleagues, allowing her to present a short paper at the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Oxford in 1847. Nevertheless her opus is rather small compared to male contemporary geologists. Being female, she had no liberal access to the geological ‘scientific community'. Additionally, family commitments held her in Hampshire, confining her work to this restricted area.

scholarly journals What Intellectual Property Lawyers can learn from Barbra Streisand, Sepp Blatter, and the "Coca-Cola Cry-Baby": Dealing with "Trademark Bullying" in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
André M Louw
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Ip Law

This article suggests some pause for reflection amongst intellectual property lawyers, and for serious consideration of the words of an internationally-renowned IP law expert: "Possessing a right does not mean that it is a good idea to enforce it always, and to the hilt. Discretion may be nine parts of possession". It provides some prominent, recent examples of trademark bullying or overly-aggressive enforcement in the IP law context. These examples are mainly from other jurisdictions but they are directly relevant to some of the IP law challenges present in South Africa at the moment.  The article further examines why lawyers and rights' holders engage in trademark bullying (why it's done), and start to deal briefly with some of the legal implications. A future article is to examine the legal aspects of trademark bullying in much more detail and considers its legitimacy within the context of IP law, more generally, and some other areas of law, more specifically. 

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