Do consumers always prefer coupons with a large discount? A meta-analysis

PurposeThe aim of this research is to quantitatively synthesize empirical findings of the effect of discount level on consumer response to the coupon.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the meta-analysis method to synthesize coupons' discount level effects on consumer response. Meta-regression was used to examine the moderating factors that affect the relationship between discount level and consumer response.FindingsThe average effect size of the discount level is 0.331, indicating that higher discount levels lead to higher consumer responses. The effect of discount level on consumer response to the coupon is stronger when the discount is displayed in proportion format (vs amount format), when consumers are distant (vs near) to the coupon-issuing stores, and when consumers have not opted-in to receive promotional information. The discount level effect is weaker for coupons that can be redeemed online (vs offline only), for hedonic products (vs utilitarian products) and for products of real brands.Originality/valueFrom information processing and cost–benefit trade-off perspectives, this research proposes a comprehensive research framework that synthesizes a variety of contextual factors. It identifies several contextual factors that may reconcile several inconsistent findings in the existing literature. It also addresses how the new-technology related factors affect coupon redemption under different discount levels.

Adjuvant Supplementation with L-Carnitine in Diabetic Population and its effects on Lipid Parameters

Background: Diabetes is a complicated disease requires continuous clinical care, to govern blood sugar. Aim: To decides the impact of management of L carentin to diabetics at the lipid profile. Methods: This study turned into performed on 120 diabetic Patients had been decided on from endocrinology and diabetes, inside decided on standards. The Patients distributed into three Strata (1st Strata of healthy population and two Strata of patients with diabetes who were on metformin and glibenclamide, one Strata took a L carnitine in a dose of 1000 mg TDS and a Strata dealing with a placebo for a period of ninety days). Results: It is observed those who are on Lcarnitine, confirmed a large discount (p <0.05) with inside the triglyceride level, at the same time as no large adjustments had been located withinside the level of cholesterol and HDL and LDL. Conclusion: These study outcomes that management of L carentin improved profile of lipid in type-2diabetic Patients. Keyword: Dyslipidemia, Diabetes mellitus (DM), l-carnitine (LC).

Changes in Consumers’ Food Purchase and Transport Behaviors over a Decade (2010 to 2019) Following Health and Convenience Food Trends

Although consumers’ food purchase/transport have been reported as causes of food safety risks, there is a lack of empirical data that are feasible to identify persistent and emerging risky behaviors of consumers. This longitudinal trend study consists of individual consumer surveys in 2010 (n = 609) and 2019 (n = 605) to analyze changes in risky behaviors linked to food purchase/transport over a decade. Overall, the results identified purchase/transport time and purchase order as the emerging and unchanged risk factors, respectively. Consumers’ preferences into channels for purchase (large discount stores rather than small/traditional markets) and transport (using cars or delivery) implied the convenience as the noticeable trend. Whereas, unexpected increases in purchase/transport time highlighted the underestimated risks in long-term exposure of foods under inadequate temperature. Food should not be exposed to danger zones > 1–2 h, but consumers might be unaware of the risk especially for preferred channels (e.g., 77 and 36 min. are required for purchase and transport from large discount stores, respectively). In the case of unchanged risky behavior, more than half of consumers in both surveys did not follow proper purchasing orders. Our findings highlight the necessity for novel countermeasures and the improvement of current consumer guidelines against emerging and unchanged risky behaviors, respectively.

Global Supply Chain Management Organization at Siemens in the Advent of Industry 4.0

Contemporary supply chain management involves integration, collaboration, networking, the Internet as a channel. The latter is about to be disrupted by the Internet of Things and industry 4.0. Contemporary Supply Chain Management involves supplier integration over product lifecycle. This creates structural organizational opportunities for Global Supply Chain Centers, organized as a corporate functional unit for an organization, a shared service center or a Business Process Organization that manages supply chain intermediation. The opportunities of such units are unravelled, the major of which: closing bulk contracts at a large discount price, especially for commodities; closing contracts with suppliers to assure supply availability and quality; economies of scale; complex product over lifetime advantages. These are possible for a large corporation or a Business Process Organization. This chapter aims to explore, analyze and evaluate the construction of a Global Supply Chain Management at Siemens since 2009 to date in the advent of Industry 4.0 promoted by Siemens.

Single Discount or Multiple Discounts?

The emerging online economy provides consumers with easy access to numerous choices. This article investigates the effects of price promotion framing messages on perceived value and online consumer purchase intention. A 3 (price promotion framing: single discount/multiple discounts- large discount first and small discount last/multiple discounts- small discount first and large discount last) × 2 (price level of product: low/high) experimental design is conducted. The experiment results demonstrated that price framing of single discount has a greater influence on perceived value than multiple discounts. Perceived value has a positive influence on purchase intention. Additionally, price moderates the effects of price promotion framing on consumer purchase intention. This finding offers potential for finding better ways for sellers or managers to present discounts in online shopping. Finally, the conclusion presents implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

ANALISIS INVESTASI DENGANPERHITUNGAN NPV, IRRDAN PAYBACK PERIOD PADA PRODUKSI IKAN PRESTO GITA PINDANG DESA KALITENGAH KECAMATAN GOMBONG

The production of Milk Fish Gita Pindang have not yet a recording of budgeting system data.To recognite the feasibility of investment and in this research was focused to calculation of NPV, IRR and Payback Period.Data collection methods used interview method, observation and documentation. The arranging used was descriptive quantitative methods and based on the carculation of NPV, IRR, and Payback Period. The result of analysis calculation, NPV, IRR and Payback Period on Milk Fish Production Gita Pindang, obtained result for NPV equal to Rp -3.981.277,00. So for H1 which state if the calculation of NPV is greater than zero or NPV in economic age yields positive value, otherwise H1 is rejected because of negative NPV result. For the carculation of IRR is obtained at 5%, so for H2 which state if the carculation of IRR produces a large discount rate, otherwise H2 is rejected because the result of carculation IRR small than the expected profit. Payback period calculation result, obtained for 4 years 3 months 12 days, then for H3 accepted because the payback period result faster than the economic age.

The Impact of Economic Regulation on Retail Sector: Regulation of Business Hours of Large Discount Stores in South Korea

Recently the large discount retailers (LDRs) including large discount chains (e.g., Emart, Homeplus, and Lotte Mart) and super supermarkets (SSMs) have been at the center of disputes in the retail industries in Korea. The 2012 Distribution Industry Development Act has allowed the head of a city or county to regulate the business hours between large mega-retailers and small and family-run stores in the neighborhood. The regulation of the business hours of the large discount retailers may have heterogeneous effects on their sales depending on various contexts of the market situation. The reduction of the business hours assumes a significant negative effect on the amount of sales of LDRs. However, the degree of reduction may significantly differ from how the LDRs respond to the regulation. The reduction of sales of LDRs is natural if LDRs affected by the regulation do not make any effort to promote sales. On the other hand, if LDRs try to maintain their sales with various marketing strategies and resources, their sales may not decrease and even relatively increase compared to the size of the sales for LDRs that are not affected by the regulation. In addition, although the regulation of the business hours for LDRs can reduce operating hours, their sales may increase due to an increase of market demand in some growing places. For instance, the sales in LDRs located at the market place where new large housings and apartments have been growing may increase. The increasing demand derived from the new population growth can cancel out the decrease of the sales from the regulation of the business hours. Our findings, relying on using DID method before and after the regulation, show three different types of the impact of the regulation change on the sale of LDRs across five regions including decreasing, constant, and increasing patterns.

Gomez Electronics, Inc.

Gomez Electronics produces three models of portable compact disc (CD) players. The company uses a full-cost standard-costing system for both internal and external financial reporting. However, the company's president is considering changing to a standard direct costing (i.e., variable costing) system for internal purposes. Students are asked to prepare two sets of income statements: one based on a standard full costing system, and the other based on a standard direct costing system. Each set of income statements provides information that reflects budgeted sales and budgeted production, as well as actual sales and actual production. Gomez Electronics has three production departments, all of which have excess capacity. The company has received and an offer from a large discount company to purchase a large quantity of CD players that, except for the plastic case, are similar to one of Gomez Electronics' CD players. The offer stipulates the price, the total quantity, and the delivery schedule. Students are asked to make a decision regarding whether to accept the discount company's offer. In addition, students are asked to make a recommendation regarding the adoption of a standard direct costing system for internal use.