scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AND INITIATION OF POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annah V. Bengesai ◽  
Hafiz T. A. Khan ◽  
Russell Dube
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Sexual Behaviours

SummaryAlthough young people in South Africa are growing up in an era where their socioeconomic circumstances are seemingly better than those of their parents’ generation, they face greater risks in their trajectory to adulthood. This is mainly because the environment in which they are making sexual decisions is also rapidly evolving. Currently, South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the world among young people aged 15–24. This study examined the effect of sexual behaviours initiated in adolescence on enrolment in post-secondary education. The analysis was conducted using data from the longitudinal Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS, Waves 1–5) conducted in 2002–2009, which focused on young people’s sexual behaviours in Cape Town, South Africa. The sample was restricted to 3213 individuals who reported sexual debut during adolescence. Using logistic regression models fitted separately for males and females, the results revealed that several factors acted as either hindrances or protective factors to enrolment in post-secondary education. Early sexual debut (by age 17) was negatively associated with participation in tertiary education. Other variables that had a negative effect included not using contraception at first sex, parenthood, engaging in risky behaviours such as illegal substance use, cigarette smoking and drinking alcohol and neglect of school homework (doing less than an hour a day). Higher levels of parental education (except for paternal education in the female model), urban residence and higher aspirations and analogous behaviours (studying) acted as protective factors and were positively associated with post-secondary education initiation. The paper also points to the relationship between early sexual debut and persistent socioeconomic inequality and provides empirical evidence for re-thinking policy development and implementation around schooling and sex education.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EARLY SEXUAL DEBUT ON HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION IN SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Bengesai ◽  
H. T. A. Khan ◽  
R. Dube
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
School Completion ◽  
Sexual Behaviours

SummaryEarly sexual debut is of major concern because it is a correlate for health and economic shocks experienced in adulthood. In South Africa, this concern has provided impetus for research directed at the HIV and AIDS epidemic, teenage pregnancy and the effect of adolescent sexual behaviour on persistence in school. Of interest to the present study is high school completion, which is a well-established empirical barometer of adult socioeconomic opportunities. Using data from the five waves of the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS), this paper examines the association between sexual behaviours initiated in pre- and early adolescence and high school completion rates. The CAPS study is a longitudinal survey that was designed to investigate young people’s (aged 14–22 years) educational attainment and sexual behaviours in Cape Town, South Africa. The sample was constituted from 3213 individuals who had initiated sex during their teenage years and the analysis was undertaken when the youngest cohort was aged 21, an age at which they should have completed high school if they were on time. Logistic regression models were fitted separately for males and females. Overall, the results reveal that early sexual debut is correlated with long-term negative educational outcomes. Individuals who experience early sexual debut are less likely to complete high school than their counterparts who make their sexual debut later on in life. This effect is worse for Africans, who also disproportionately have an earlier sexual debut than other race groups. Apart from race however, the findings also reinforce the effect of other demographic factors on high school completion, namely, place of residence and family socioeconomic status as measured by parental education and household income. Hence, early sexual debut adds another layer of inequality and worsens the plight of Africans, females, those living in rural areas and those who come from low-income families.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood Determinants of Early Sexual Debut and Multiple Sexual Partnerships: A cross-sectional Analysis of Adolescents in Rwanda, Ghana and South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebechukwu Henry Ugwu ◽  
Clifford Obby Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Partnerships ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partnerships ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and youth involvement in risky sexual behaviour such as early sexual debut and multiple sexual partnerships is well established in the literature. However, there are very few empirical studies using Demographic and Health Surveys to unpack the nature of this relationship in Africa. This study aims to identify the neighbourhood characteristics influencing young people's engagement in risky sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses on young people aged 15 to 24 years were conducted using the most recent Demographic and Health Survey Data (DHS 2014-2016) from Ghana, Rwanda, and South Africa to investigate the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and youth risky sexual behaviour. Results: Individual and, in particular, neighbourhood characteristics (community poverty, community occupation, community media access, and community education) were found to be substantially linked with youth risky sexual behaviour. Conclusion: To lower the incidence of risky sexual behaviour in the community, programs aimed at appropriate policy options must be intensified. Adopting the implications of these findings is critical for a developmental approach aimed at reaching Africa’s long-term development goal of eliminating STIs among young people.

scholarly journals Regulating Work Experience Programs in the Greek Post-Secondary Education: The Case of Traineeships

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Boutsiouki ◽  
◽  
Nikolaos Vasileiadis ◽  
Ilias Kouskouvelis ◽  
Vasileios Koniaris
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Experiential Process

The smooth transition of young people to the labor market and their competency in successfully planning and developing their careers constitute key aims of all modern education systems. The implementation of work placements plays an important role in the realization of these aims by enhancing the communication between the education providers and the world of work, and by contributing to the development of professionally oriented competences by young learners. The paper focuses on traineeships, a particular type of work placement, which is implemented by post-secondary education institutions in Greece. A traineeship includes a variety of training processes with clear objectives and predetermined assessment strategies, which help trainees to gain professional skills and experience through an experiential process. Its ability to exercise a strong influence on the professional prospects of young people led many education institutions to integrate traineeship opportunities in their study program either as a compulsory component or as a non-mandatory option. The paper analyses the traineeship component of the study programs of three post-secondary education institutions in Greece, i.e. Institutes of Vocational Training (IVTs), Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs). More analytically, the paper investigates the legislative provisions concerning the organization and implementation of student traineeships, and records the evolution of the particular learning option over the years. In addition, it attempts to identify indications of interaction between post-secondary education institutions as regards the organization and the particular features of student traineeship schemes, which may imply the development of mutual learning. The paper concludes by articulating some remarks regarding the implementation of traineeships in Greek post-secondary institutions and the improvement of their organizational and operational characteristics.

scholarly journals Regulating Work Experience Programs in the Greek Post-Secondary Education: The Case of Traineeships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Boutsiouki ◽  
Nikolaos Vasileiadis ◽  
Ilias Kouskouvelis ◽  
Vasileios Koniaris
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Experiential Process

The smooth transition of young people to the labor market and their competency in successfully planning and developing their careers constitute key aims of all modern education systems. The implementation of work placements plays an important role in the realization of these aims by enhancing the communication between the education providers and the world of work, and by contributing to the development of professionally oriented competences by young learners. The paper focuses on traineeships, a particular type of work placement, which is implemented by post-secondary education institutions in Greece. A traineeship includes a variety of training processes with clear objectives and predetermined assessment strategies, which help trainees to gain professional skills and experience through an experiential process. Its ability to exercise a strong influence on the professional prospects of young people led many education institutions to integrate traineeship opportunities in their study program either as a compulsory component or as a non-mandatory option. The paper analyses the traineeship component of the study programs of three post-secondary education institutions in Greece, i.e. Institutes of Vocational Training (IVTs), Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs). More analytically, the paper investigates the legislative provisions concerning the organization and implementation of student traineeships, and records the evolution of the particular learning option over the years. In addition, it attempts to identify indications of interaction between post-secondary education institutions as regards the organization and the particular features of student traineeship schemes, which may imply the development of mutual learning. The paper concludes by articulating some remarks regarding the implementation of traineeships in Greek post-secondary institutions and the improvement of their organizational and operational characteristics.

The Economics of Education in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 706-734
Author(s):  
Nicola Branson ◽  
David Lam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Racial Gaps ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
And Gender

South Africa has made significant progress in raising education levels and reducing racial and gender gaps in education. Significant challenges remain, however, and progress in many dimensions has been disappointing. There continue to be substantial racial gaps in educational attainment, especially in the proportions completing secondary school and earning post-secondary qualifications. Although most learners attend nationally funded public schools, large differences persist in the quality of schools. These differences are reflected in large racial and socio-economic differences in test scores and low rankings in international comparisons. Education is strongly related to employment and earnings, with some of the steepest income-education gradients in the world. Returns to post-secondary education have increased, while there has been limited progress in access to post-secondary education. The combination of highly unequal education combined with strong effects of schooling on earnings and employment create a cycle in which inequality is transmitted across generations.

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