What has comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge got to do with HIV testing among men in Kenya and Mozambique? Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys

Abstract People living with undiagnosed HIV are big contributors to the transmission of the virus. Although measures have been made to scale up HIV prevention and voluntary counselling and testing in sub-Saharan Africa, testing coverage remains low in many sub-Saharan African countries, including Mozambique and Kenya, where most people live with HIV/AIDS. Studies have shown that, in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, men are less likely to test for HIV compared with women. This study examined the relationship between comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV testing among men in Kenya and Mozambique. Data were from the men’s re-code file of the Demographic and Health Surveys of Mozambique and Kenya. Binary logistic regression models were generated and the results presented as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR). The prevalences of HIV testing in Kenya and Mozambique were 80.1% and 46.7%, respectively. Men in Mozambique who had comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge (aOR=1.26, CI: 1.07–1.47) were more likely to test for HIV compared with their counterparts who had no comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. In Kenya, men who had comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge (aOR=1.23, CI: 1.09–1.39) were more likely to test for HIV compared with their counterparts who had no comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. This study found a statistically strong significant association between comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV testing among men in Kenya and Mozambique. To improve HIV testing rate among men, it is important that interventions are geared towards improving men’s comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge, perhaps by expanding HIV/AIDS education programmes and campaigns. This could improve HIV testing rates and ensure the realization of the global HIV/AIDS target of 95-95-95 by the year 2030.

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Women’s decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: A multi-country analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

10.21203/rs.2.22504/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Joseph Kojo Oduro ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Eugene Budu ◽

Francis Appiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Decision Making Capacity ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Ssa Countries

Abstract IntroductionGlobal commitment to stop HIV and ensure access to HIV treatment call for women empowering as these efforts play a major role in mother to child transmission. We explored the association between women decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Materials and methodsWe used data from current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016 in 30 countries within SSA. At the descriptive level, we calculated the prevalence of women who had undergone HIV testing and decision-making capacity in each of the countries as well as prevalence of HIV testing across their socio-demographic characteristics. We used Binary Logistic Regression to explore the likelihood of HIV testing by decision-making capacity and socio-demographic characteristics at 5% margin of error. The results were presented as Crude Odds Ratios (CORs) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs). ResultsWe found that overall, 10.0% of women had decision-making with Nigeria (4.5%) and Zimbabwe (21.3%) recording the least and the highest respectively. In terms of HIV testing, the prevalence of HIV testing in the 30 SSA countries was 64.4%, with Guinea (12.8%) having the least. The highest occurred in Lesotho (99%) and Rwanda (99%). Women who had capacity to make decisions had higher likelihood of HIV testing [AOR=1.04, CI=1.02–1.09]. Women from Rwanda had the highest likelihood of HIV testing [AOR=53.92, CI=41.31–70.37] with women from Guinea having the least likelihood [AOR=0.10, CI=0.08–0.11]. Other determinants to HIV testing were level of education, wealth status, believing that a healthy-looking person can have HIV, watching television almost every day, age and place of residence.Conclusion SSA countries intending to improve HIV testing need to incorporate women decision-making capacity strategies in terms of education and counselling into the available policies. This is essential because our study indicates that as women are able to make decisions in their households, the possibility for them to test for their HIV status increases.

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Household and community HIV/AIDS status and child malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from the demographic and health surveys

Social Science & Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.042 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 436-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Monica A. Magadi

Keyword(s):

Health Surveys ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Child Malnutrition ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Hiv Aids

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Prenatal care coverage and correlates of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Insight from demographic and health surveys of 16 countries

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0242001

Author(s):

Oluwafemi Emmanuel Awopegba ◽

Amarachi Kalu ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Anthony Idowu Ajayi

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Central Africa ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

West And Central Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Ssa Countries

Background Prenatal screening of pregnant women for HIV is central to eliminating mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV. While some countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have scaled up their prevention of MTCT programmes, ensuring a near-universal prenatal care HIV testing, and recording a significant reduction in new infection among children, several others have poor outcomes due to inadequate testing. We conducted a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys (DHS) to assess the coverage of HIV testing during pregnancy and also examine the factors associated with uptake. Methods We analysed data of 64,933 women from 16 SSA countries with recent DHS datasets (2015–2018) using Stata version 16. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of prenatal care uptake of HIV testing. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Progress in scaling up of prenatal care HIV testing was uneven across SSA, with only 6.1% of pregnant women tested in Chad compared to 98.1% in Rwanda. While inequality in access to HIV testing among pregnant women is pervasive in most SSA countries and particularly in West and Central Africa sub-regions, a few countries, including Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia have managed to eliminate wealth and rural-urban inequalities in access to prenatal care HIV testing. Conclusion Our findings highlight the between countries and sub-regional disparities in prenatal care uptake of HIV testing in SSA. Even though no country has universal coverage of prenatal care HIV testing, East and Southern African regions have made remarkable progress towards ensuring no pregnant woman is left untested. However, the West and Central Africa regions had low coverage of prenatal care testing, with the rich and well educated having better access to testing, while the poor rarely tested. Addressing the inequitable access and coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women is vital in these sub-regions.

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Women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09660-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Joseph Kojo Oduro ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Eugene Budu ◽

Francis Appiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Healthcare Decision ◽

African Countries ◽

Healthcare Decision Making ◽

Decision Making Capacity ◽

Testing Uptake ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Global commitment to stop Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and ensure access to HIV treatment calls for women empowerment, as these efforts play major roles in mother-to-child transmission. We examined the association between women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and uptake of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We used data from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. At the descriptive level, we calculated the prevalence of HIV testing in each of the countries. This was followed by the distribution of HIV testing across the socio-demographic characteristics of women. Finally, we used binary logistic regression assess the likelihood of HIV testing uptake by women’s health care decision-making capacity and socio-demographic characteristics. The results were presented as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals signifying precision. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Results We found that prevalence of HIV testing uptake in the 28 sub-Saharan African countries was 64.4%, with Congo DR having the least (20.2%) and the highest occurred in Rwanda (97.4%). Women who took healthcare decisions alone [COR = 3.183, CI = 2.880–3.519] or with their partners [COR = 2.577, CI = 2.335–2.844] were more likely to test for HIV, compared to those whose healthcare decisions were taken by others, and this persisted after controlling for significant covariates: [AOR = 1.507, CI = 1.321–1.720] and [AOR = 1.518, CI = 1.334–1.728] respectively. Conclusion Sub-Saharan African countries intending to improve HIV testing need to incorporate women’s healthcare decision-making capacity strategies. These strategies can include education and counselling. This is essential because our study indicates that the capacity of women to make healthcare decisions has an association with decision to test for their HIV status.

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HIV/AIDS and Fertility

American Economic Journal Applied Economics ◽

10.1257/app.1.3.170 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 170-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jane G Fortson

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Aids Epidemic ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Hiv Negative ◽

Hiv Aids

This paper studies the response of fertility to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. I use repeated cross sections of the Demographic and Health Surveys for 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa to examine this question empirically. Using individual birth histories from these data, I construct estimates of the regional total fertility rate over time. In a difference-in-differences approach, I compare regional HIV prevalence to changes in total fertility rates from the 1980s to the present. My results suggest that HIV/AIDS had very little impact on fertility, both overall and in a sample of HIV-negative women. (JEL I12, J13, O12)

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Time trends in socio-economic inequalities in HIV testing: insights from population-based surveys in 16 sub-Saharan African countries

10.1101/19006015 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pearl Anne Ante-Testard ◽

Tarik Benmarhnia ◽

Anne Bekelynck ◽

Rachel Baggaley ◽

Eric Ouattara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Time Trends ◽

Population Based ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

African Countries ◽

Testing Uptake ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Economic Inequalities

SummaryBackgroundOverall increase in the uptake of HIV testing in the past decades may hide discrepancies across socio-economic groups. We used population-based surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa to quantify socio-economic inequalities in recent HIV testing uptake, together with their trends over the two past decades.MethodsWe analyzed the data from Demographic and Health Surveys in sub-Saharan African countries where at least one survey was conducted before and after 2008. Country- and gender-specific proportions of recent (<12 month) HIV testing were assessed across wealth and education groups, and inequalities were quantified using the relative and slope indices of inequalities. Time trends in inequalities were assessed and results were pooled across countries using random-effect meta-analyses.FindingsWe analyzed data from 32 surveys conducted between 2003 and 2016 in 16 countries among 537,784 participants. In pre-2008 surveys, women reported higher HIV testing uptake than men in 8 out of 16 countries, and in 15 out of 16 countries in post-2008 surveys. After 2008, the wealthiest women were on average 2.77 (95% CI 1.42-5.40) times more likely to report recent testing than the poorest; and 3.55 (1.85-6.81) times in men. The averaged absolute difference in recent testing between the richest and poorest was 11.1 (4.6-17.5) percentage points in women and 15.1 (9.6-20.6) in men. Over time, relative inequalities in recent HIV testing decreased in both genders, while absolute inequalities plateaued in women and increased in men.InterpretationsThe overall increase in HIV testing uptake that was stimulated by the impetus to scale up HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa led to a decrease in relative inequalities, while absolute inequalities persisted. Within most countries, large inequalities still remained, both in absolute and relative scales, especially in West and Central Africa. A greater focus should be put on equity in monitoring HIV testing programs.A French version of this article is available in the Appendices [Une version française de cet article est disponible en appendice].FundingINSERM-ANRS (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites), grant number ANRS-12377.

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Media Exposure and HIV Testing Among Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244019851551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 215824401985155 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun ◽

Stephen Ojiambo Wandera ◽

Clifford Odimegwu

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Sub Saharan

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Women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys

10.21203/rs.2.22504/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Joseph Kojo Oduro ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Eugene Budu ◽

Francis Appiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Healthcare Decision ◽

Healthcare Decision Making ◽

Decision Making Capacity ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Ssa Countries

Abstract Background Global commitment to stop Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and ensure access to HIV treatment calls for women empowerment, as these efforts play major roles in mother-to-child transmission. We explored the association between women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods We used data from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in 28 countries in SSA. At the descriptive level, we calculated the prevalence of HIV testing in each of the countries. This was followed by the distribution of HIV testing across the socio-demographic characteristics of women. Finally, we used binary logistic regression to explore the likelihood of HIV testing by women’s health care decision-making capacity and socio-demographic characteristics. The results were presented as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals signifying precision. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results We found that prevalence of HIV testing in the 28 SSA countries was 64.4%, with Congo DR having the least (20.2%) and the highest occurred in Rwanda (97.4%). Women who took healthcare decisions alone [COR=3.183, CI=2.880-3.519] or with their partners [COR=2.577, CI=2.335-2.844] were more likely to test for HIV, compared to those whose healthcare decisions were taken by others, and this persisted after controlling for significant covariates: [AOR=1.507, CI=1.321-1.720] and [AOR=1.518, CI=1.334-1.728] respectively. Conclusion SSA countries intending to improve HIV testing need to incorporate women’s healthcare decision-making capacity strategies. These strategies can include education and counselling. This is essential because our study indicates that the capacity of women to make healthcare decisions has an association with their decision to test for their HIV status.

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Women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys

10.21203/rs.2.22504/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Joseph Kojo Oduro ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Eugene Budu ◽

Francis Appiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Healthcare Decision ◽

Healthcare Decision Making ◽

Decision Making Capacity ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Ssa Countries

Abstract Background Global commitment to stop Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and ensure access to HIV treatment calls for women empowerment as these efforts play major roles in mother-to-child transmission. We explored the association between women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods We used data from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in 28 countries in SSA. At the descriptive level, we calculated the prevalence of HIV testing in each of the countries. This was followed by the distribution of HIV testing across the socio-demographic characteristics of women. Finally, we used binary logistic regression to explore the likelihood of HIV testing by women’s health care decision-making capacity and socio-demographic characteristics. The results were presented as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios(AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals signifying precision. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results We found that prevalence of HIV testing in the 28 SSA countries was 64.4%, with Congo DR having the least (20.2%) and the highest occurred in Rwanda (97.4%). Women who took healthcare-decisions alone [COR=3.183, CI=2.880-3.519] or with their partners [COR=2.577, CI=2.335-2.844] were more likely to test for HIV compared to those whose healthcare-decisions were taken by others and this persisted after controlling for significant covariates [AOR=1.507, CI=1.321-1.720] and [AOR=1.518, CI=1.334-1.728], respectively. Conclusion SSA countries intending to improve HIV testing need to incorporate women’s healthcare decision-making capacity strategies. These strategies can include education and counselling. This is essential because our study indicates that the capacity of women to make healthcare decisions has an association with their decision to test for their HIV status.

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