Observations on the Morphology and life history of Ascaris columnaris Leidy, a nematode parasite of the skunk

1923 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goodey ◽  
T. W. M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Injury

The breeding and raising of small mammals, such as skunk, minx and fox, for their fur, is a comparatively young industry in Britain, and one of the most serious hindrances to the successful husbandry of these animals is the occurrence, at any rate, in the skunk, of certain helminth parasites. We have been investigating the worms sent to us from a skunk farm, where the stock is very extensively infected, and where serious injury to the animals and great deterioration of the coat is attributed to these parasites.

scholarly journals The Life History of Nematodirus filicollis Rud., a Nematode Parasite of the Sheep's Intestine

Parasitology ◽  
1915 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Boulenger
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Blood Temperature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Infection Experiments

1. The eggs of Nematodirus filicollis when laid contain an embryo with seven or eight cells, they pass out of the infested host with the faeces.2. Even under favourable conditions development takes place slowly and the embryos are not ready to hatch until 24–28 days have elapsed. In their early stages the embryos are not able to withstand desiccation and are killed if frozen or subjected to high temperatures.3. Whilst still within the egg-shell the embryo undergoes two ecdyses and when ready to hatch is enclosed in a tightly fitting sheath formed by the incompletely cast skin of the second moult; the larvae on liberation from the egg-shell are therefore in a more advanced condition than those of most other Strongylids (e.g. Haemonchus or Anchylostoma) and are in a stage comparable with that reached by the latter at the end of their period of free existence.4. The sheathed larvae are often retained for a long time within the egg-shells and both in this position and after hatching can resist complete desiccation for considerable periods (twenty months or even longer); when dried they are able to withstand freezing as well as temperatures much above those likely to be met with in the open.5. The free larvae will live for a considerable time in water, they possess well-developed migratory instincts and climb vertical surfaces, such as grass stems and blades, and the glass walls of the vessels in which they are kept.6. The sheaths are cast off by the larvae when these are subjected to temperatures approximating to the blood-temperature of the host; completion of the second moult occasionally also takes place at laboratory temperatures under certain abnormal conditions.7. No infection experiments were made on sheep, but other evidence shows that these animals must become infected by swallowing the sheathed larvae, either when free or whilst still enclosed in the eggshells.8. A number of young stages of the parasite were met with in the intestines of sheep, the smallest of these being only little more advanced in structure than the larvae just after ecdysis.

SPARASSODONTA (METATHERIA) COPROLITES FROM THE EARLY-MID MIOCENE (SANTACRUCIAN AGE) OF PATAGONIA (ARGENTINA) WITH EVIDENCE OF EXPLOITATION BY COPROPHAGOUS INSECTS

Palaios ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 639-651
Author(s):  
RODRIGO L. TOMASSINI ◽  
CLAUDIA I. MONTALVO ◽  
M.SUSANA BARGO ◽  
SERGIO F. VIZCAÍNO ◽  
JOSÉ I. CUITIÑO
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bone Remains

ABSTRACT Coprolites are a useful tool to obtain information related to the life history of the producer, trophic interactions, biodiversity, paleoenvironments, and paleoclimate, among other issues. We analyze here a sample of 111 coprolites recovered from levels of the Santa Cruz Formation (lower–middle Miocene, Burdigalian–early Langhian), outcropping in different localities of the Santa Cruz Province, Patagonian Argentina. Based on size and shape, two morphotypes were identified: coprolites assigned to morphotype I vary from ovoid to subspherical in shape, while coprolites assigned to morphotype II are cylindrical in shape. Several coprolites have bone and teeth inclusions belonging to small mammals (i.e., Octodontoidea and/or Chinchilloidea rodents). Morphometry, composition, and taphonomy of the bone remains suggest that the coprolites were produced by carnivorous mammals. According to the features of the guild of carnivorous mammals from the Santa Cruz Formation, we interpret that hathliacynids and/or small borhyaenoids (Sparassodonta) are the most probable producers. Different traces recorded in the coprolites, such as borings and putative eggs, suggest that the feces were exploited by coprophagous insects, probably dung beetles, for different purposes such as feeding and possible oviposition.

On the Morphology and Life History of Aproctonema entomophagum Keilin, a Nematode Parasite in the Larvae of Sciara pullula Winn. (Diptera—Nematocera)

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Keilin ◽  
V. C. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decaying Wood

1. An account is given of Aproctonema entomophagum Keilin 1917, a Nematode parasite of the larvae of a Mycetophilid fly, Sciara pullula Winn., inhabiting decaying wood.2. The life history of this parasite is remarkable in the following respects:(a) The free-living stage is very short.(b) Both sexes are parasitic.(c) The usual host is the larva of the fly, from which the parasite escapes by actively breaking through the skin; but some parasites may be carried through to the imagines, from which they escape largely by the aid of the egg-laying movements provoked by them in the flies.3. Metamorphosis of the Sciara larva is delayed by the parasitism, so that at least two generations of Nematodes may be found in one host.4. All the parasitised imagines so far examined have been females.5. The systematic position of Aproctonema is discussed, the conclusion being that this worm and its near relative, Tetradonema plicans Cobb 1919, represent two closely allied genera of the family Mermithidae, but are not synonymous with Mermis. It is proposed to dispense with the family Tetra-donematidae Cobb.

Energetics and life-history of bats in comparison to small mammals

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Becker ◽  
J. A. Encarnação ◽  
M. Tschapka ◽  
E. K. V. Kalko
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
History Of

Life-History of the European Red Mite

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Parent ◽  
A. A. Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
City District ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Injury

Since 1945, the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) [=Paratetranychus pilosus (C. & F.)], has been one of the major pests in apple orchards in southwestern Quebec. Though it had been noted by Petch on fruit trees at Ville LaSalle, Que., in 1930 and at Lac Mégantic, Que., in 1931 it was not reported as causing serious injury to apple trees before July of 1945, when Beaulieu (1948) reported that it was responsible for the first important damage in a few orchards at Rougemont, Que. By 1946, infestations were general in the apple growing areas of southwestern Quebec and occurred as far east as the Quebec City district.

Studies on the Morphology and Life-History of Strongyloides mirzai n.sp. from Snakes in India

1954 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Narayan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Free Living ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Single Host ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rat Snake ◽  
Almost All

In 1985, the writer in collaboration with Prof. M. B. Mirza described Strongyloides from John's Sand-boa (Eryx johnii) in Aligarh and assigned it to S. stercoralis, creating for its reception a new variety, S. stercoralis var. eryxi.During July and August, 1950, while examining certain snakes at Hyderabad for helminth parasites, the writer found that Strongyloides infection was very common in the Rat-snake. Ptyas (Zamenis) mucosus, for almost all the snakes examined were found infected. In light infections not more than a few, ten to fifteen worms, were obtained from a single host, but as many as 100 to 125 specimens were collected from heavily parasitized snakes. It was also observed that though they may be found throughout the length of the oesophagus and the intestine, the seat of heaviest infection is the duodenum of the host.It seemed rather strange that one and the same species should parasitize a reptile as well as a mammal so a detailed study of the worm, both in its parasitic and free-living generations, was undertaken with a view to determining definitely whether, as previously believed, it is identical with the human worm Strongyloides stercoralis. As a result of this study the writer has come to the conclusion that the species infesting certain snakes in India is not identical with the human worm, S. stercoralis or any other species of the genus hitherto described.

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