A New Bursate Nematode Hepatojarakus malayae gen. et sp. nov. from the Liver of Rattus rattus jarak (Bonhote) on Pulau Jarak, Straits of Malacca

1955 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeh Liang-Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Straits Of Malacca ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Research Officer

A collection of parasitic worms was made from Rattus rattus jarak (Bonhote) from Pulau Jarak, “which lies in the middle of the Malacca Straits between Penang and Port Swettenham and some 85 miles from the Sembilan Islands opposite the Dindings.” (Audy, 1950). It was collected by Dr. J. R. Audy, Senior Research Officer of the Division of Virus Research and Medical Zoology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur while investigating scrub-typhus on the island.

scholarly journals DISEASE BEARING INSECT RESEARCH IN MALAYA BY JAPANESE SCIENTISTS DURING WORLD WAR II AND ITS POSITION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Marina Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Human Experimentation ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
World War ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Conducting Research

Japanese scientists commissioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) were tasked at the Nettai Igaku Kenkyusho or Institute of Medical Research (IMR) in Kuala Lumpur and other locations in Malaya during World War II (WWII) to identify cures for malaria, dengue, and scrub typhus rampant among Japanese troops in Southeast Asia. Such research on insects could contribute to biological warfare. This study identifies the background and destiny of these few Japanese scientists in Malaya conducting research on malaria, dengue and scrub typhus while evaluating if their research could have been an offense under international law at that point of time. A qualitative historical approach relying on documentation, soft law, treaties, and secondary resources obtained from archives and national libraries online from different countries and the Fold3-Historical Military Records website were referred. These documentations were classified according to names of Japanese scientists to form a short biography and to provide background information of the IMR during WWII. The results reveal some Japanese scientists responsible for malaria research at the IMR in Kuala Lumpur and Penang, and dengue research in Malaya, Singapore and Java. Human experimentation associated with dengue was suspected in Singapore. One IMR Japanese director had links with Unit 731. Kiyoshi Hayakawa, part of Unit 9420 in Singapore, Japan’s subunit for its covert biological weapons programme conducted research on scrub typhus in Java and Malaya. These scientists continued as professors in Japan or were promoted to this position much later with one of them opening a medical company. Indeed, a gap existed in international law at the end of the 19th and early 20th century which failed to make experimentation illegal as a preparation stage rather than actual usage in warfare because of the omission to address the development, production and stockpiling of biological weapons.

scholarly journals Peter Brian Medawar, 28 February 1915 - 2 October 1987

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 281-301 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Senior Research Fellow ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
University College London ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into

Peter Brian Medawar was born in 1915 in Rio de Janeiro. His father, Nicholas Agnatius, was a Brazilian businessman of Lebanese extraction, and his mother Edith Muriel Dowling, British. He was educated at Marlborough College and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he took a first-class degree in zoology in 1936 and D.Sc. in 1947. At Oxford he was successively a Christopher Welch Scholar and senior-demi of Magdalen, a senior research fellow of St John’s, and a fellow by special election of Magdalen. From 1947 to 1951 he was Mason Professor of Zoology in the University of Birmingham, from 1951 to 1962 Jodrell Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in University College London, and from 1962 to 1971 Director of the National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill. From 1971 to 1986 he worked in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Research Centre, Harrow. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1949; he was awarded a C.B.E. in 1958, a knighthood in 1965, a C.H. in 1972, and an O.M. in 1981, as well as honorary degrees too numerous to mention. In 1960, jointly with MacFarlane Burnet, he received the Nobel Prize for Medicine, for the discovery of immunological tolerance. Medawar enjoyed great fame as a popularizer and philosopher of science, through his books, numerous articles (cited here only as the collected volumes which contain a selection) and broadcasts. He had a powerfully dramatic presence, much wit, and deep insight into the hopes of his audience.

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