Studies on the life cycle of Pleurogenoides wayanadensis Shinad & Prasadan, 2018 (Digenea: Pleurogenidae) from the Western Ghats, India

Abstract The life cycle of Pleurogenoides wayanadensis Shinad & Prasadan, 2018, infecting the frogs Hoplobatrachus tigerinus and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, is elucidated in this study. All the life cycle stages from egg to egg-producing adults were elucidated under natural conditions and successfully established in the laboratory. The life cycle took about 58 to 65 days for completion. Miracidia were released by teasing the eggs with fine needles. Sporocysts were found in the freshwater snail, Bithynia (Digoniostoma) pulchella, collected from paddy fields at Payode, Western Ghats, Wayanad region, in the months of October and November 2019. Cercariae were of the virgulate xiphidiocercous type. Metacercariae were recovered from the eyes of the damselfly naiads of the species Ischnura sp. and Copera sp., and the thorax and abdomen of the dragonfly naiads, Orthetrum sp. The metacercariae showed progenetic development. The growth and development of the metacercariae in the naiads that were exposed to cercariae, and development of the trematode in frogs that were force-fed with encysted metacercariae, have been studied at regular intervals. The prepatent period is 14–19 days. The present life cycle study of a Pleurogenoides spp. forms the seventh report from the world, fourth report from India and the third from Kerala.

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The life history of Pleurogenoides malampuzhensis sp. nov. (Digenea: Pleurogenidae) from amphibious and aquatic hosts in Kerala, India

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x13000084 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 230-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. Brinesh ◽

K.P. Janardanan

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Related Species ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Patent Period ◽

Hoplobatrachus Tigerinus ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

History Of

AbstractThe life-cycle stages of Pleurogenoides malampuzhensis sp. nov. infecting the Indian bullfrog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin) and the skipper frog Euphlyctiscyanophlyctis (Schneider) occurring in irrigation canals and paddy fields in Malampuzha, which forms part of the district of Palakkad, Kerala, are described. The species is described, its systematic position discussed and compared with the related species, P. gastroporus (Luhe, 1901) and P. orientalis (Srivastava, 1934). The life-cycle stages, from cercaria to egg-producing adult, were successfully established in the laboratory. Virgulate xiphidiocercariae emerged from the snail Digoniostoma pulchella (Benson). Metacercariae are found in muscle tissues of dragonfly nymphs and become infective to the frogs within 22 days. The pre-patent period is 20 days. Growth and development of both metacercariae and adults are described.

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Studies on the life-cycle of Pleurogenoides ovatus Rao, 1977 (Trematoda: Pleurogenetinae)

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00010427 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. P. Janardanan ◽

P. K. Prasadan

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Prepatent Period ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Freshwater Crab ◽

Connective Tissues ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Rana Tigrina

ABSTRACTThe life-cycle of Pleurogenoides ovatus Rao, 1977, infecting the frogs, Rana tigrina and R. cyanophlyctis has been elucidated. All the life-cycle stages from egg to egg-producing adults were successfully established in the laboratory. The life-cycle took about 80 days for completion. Cercariae were found in the freshwater snail, Digoniostoma pulchella, collected from paddy fields at Chelembra, Malappuram district of Kerala, during the monsoon months. Cercariae are of the virgulate xiphidiocercous type. Metacercariae occurred in the connective tissues, hepatopancreas and musculature of the freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromous. The growth and development of the metacercariae in P. hydrodromous have been studied in detail. Frogs became infected when they fed on infected crabs. The prepatent period is 10 days.

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Digenean parasites of the Family Lecithodendriidae (Luhe, 1901) Odhner, 1901 infecting the frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Anura: Dicroglossidae) of the Western Ghats, Wayanad Region, India

Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.21472/bjbs.061315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (13) ◽

pp. 483-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keloth Shinad ◽

Puthanpurayil Kandambeth Prasadan

Keyword(s):

Western Ghats ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

The South ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Hoplobatrachus Tigerinus ◽

The Family ◽

The Mean ◽

The Western Ghats

Three species of digenean parasites, Pleurogenoides euphlycti, P. wayanadensis and Meharorchis ranarum of the frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the Wayanad Region of the South Western Ghats are reported in this paper. Multiple infections were also recorded during the study. Prevalence of infection of P. euphlycti, P. wayanadensis and M. ranarum were 15.15%, 9.09% and 12.12%, respectively, and the intensity of infection were 5.2, 7.3 and 8, and the mean abundance were 0.78, 0.66 and 0.96, respectively. Mean abundance is an indication of the dispersion of parasites among hosts. The mean abundance and the intensity were at the maximum level in M. ranarum infection and that of prevalence of infection was at the maximum level in of P. euphlycti infection.

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Cytochemistry, morphogenesis, and tentative identification of mycetomal microorganisms of Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera)

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m70-223 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 1357-1362 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. D. S. Bhatnagar ◽

A. J. Musgrave

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Sitophilus Granarius ◽

Tentative Identification ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Present Life

The mycetomal microorganisms of Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera) are flexible, non acid-fast, non-flagellated rods, often surrounded by mucoid material. Pleomorphic and involution forms are present. Life cycle stages have been observed. The literature on these organisms is briefly reviewed. As they have never been cultured in vitro and the literature indicates this may be very difficult or even impossible, a postulate of Murray's regarding identification of symbiotes by morphology is invoked and the mycetomal microorganisms (plasmids, Blochmann bodies) in this insect are tentatively referred to the Myxobacterales (sens. lat.).

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Innovations and Advances in Schistosome Stem Cell Research

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.599014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hong You ◽

Malcolm K. Jones ◽

Deanne J. Whitworth ◽

Donald P. McManus

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Individual Gene ◽

Blood Flukes ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Stem Cell Lines ◽

Germinal Cells

Schistosomes infect about 250 million people globally causing the devastating and persistent disease of schistosomiasis. These blood flukes have a complicated life cycle involving alternating infection of freshwater snail intermediate and definitive mammalian hosts. To survive and flourish in these diverse environments, schistosomes transition through a number of distinct life-cycle stages as a result of which they change their body plan in order to quickly adapt to each new environment. Current research suggests that stem cells, present in adults and larvae, are key in aiding schistosomes to facilitate these changes. Given the recent advances in our understanding of schistosome stem cell biology, we review the key roles that two major classes of cells play in the different life cycle stages during intramolluscan and intramammalian development; these include the germinal cells of sporocysts involved in asexual reproduction in molluscan hosts and the neoblasts of adult worms involved in sexual reproduction in human and other mammalian hosts. These studies shed considerable new light in revealing the stem cell heterogeneity driving the propagation of the schistosome life cycle. We also consider the possibility and value of establishing stem cell lines in schistosomes to advance schistosomiasis research. The availability of such self-renewable resources will provide new platforms to study stem cell behavior and regulation, and to address fundamental aspects of schistosome biology, reproductive development and survival. In turn, such studies will create new avenues to unravel individual gene function and to optimize genome-editing processes in blood flukes, which may lead to the design of novel intervention strategies for schistosomiasis.

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